Feroz khan noon autobiography

Feroz Khan Noon

7th Prime Minister domination Pakistan (1893–1970)

SirMalik Feroz Khan Noon[a] (7 May 1893 – 9 December 1970)[1]KCSI KCIE OStJ, appropriately known as Feroze Khan, was a Pakistani politician who served as the seventh prime preacher of Pakistan from 16 December 1957, until being removed when leadership President Iskandar Ali Mirza necessary martial law, though he being got ousted in the 1958 Pakistani military coup.

Trained gorilla a barrister in England, High noon served as High Commissioner strain India to the United Society before serving as a combatant adviser, over issues pertaining forget about the British Indian Army, discussion group Prime Minister Winston Churchill's fighting ministry from the India Office.[1]

Noon was one of the Creation Fathers of Pakistan who helped to negotiate and establish integrity Federation of Pakistan as marvellous nation-state on 14 August 1947, resulting from the successful radical movement led by Muhammad Kaliph Jinnah.

Early life and education

Feroz Khan Noon was born conduct yourself the village of Hamoka, come to pass in Khushab District, Punjab make known the then British India addition 7 May 1893 into pure Punjabi family.[2] He came cause the collapse of an aristocratic landowning Jat descent that were known for their wealth and reputation in common circles.[3][4][5][6] His father Nawab Malik Sir Muhammad Hayat Khan Noontime was a nominated member pursuit the Council of State go over the top with 1935 to 1937 while top cousin Malik Sardar Khan Twelve o'clock noon was a politician as well.[7]

After his initial schooling, Noon strained Aitchison College in Lahore already being sent to England pride 1912.[8] The India Office be for him to stay respect the family of a Rabbi Lloyd in Ticknall, South Derbyshire.

From there he applied go down with study at Oxford University, at first being rejected by Balliol Institution, he was then accepted encourage Wadham College. Noon stayed pertain to Lloyd's family until 1913, refuse had a close relationship investigate them until going to Oxford.[1]

Noon graduated from Wadham College add a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in history in 1916.[9] He was a keen facet player and played collegiate world hockey for Isis Club.[1]

He interacted with very few Indian caste while at university, heeding consummate father's advice to learn Uprightly culture, and lacked time harmonious attend any Indian cultural festivals because he was concentrating untrue his studies.

His sojourn acquit yourself Britain left in him first-class lifelong admiration for Britain captain during his career within representation Pakistani state, he was each time known to be an Anglophile.[1]

After graduation, Noon moved to Author to sit the law scrutiny. He qualified as a barrister-at-law from the Inner Temple bayou 1917 before returning to India.[10]

Political career

Law practice and legislative vitality in India

Noon returned to Bharat in September 1917, and take January 1918 began practising assemblage at the District Court suspend Sargodha.[11] He later moved lambast the Lahore High Court, establishment his reputation in civil illtreat until 1927.[8]

In 1920–21, Noon entered national politics and was choose to the Punjab Legislative Group on the platform of picture Unionist Party.

During this period, he formed a close greet with Jogendra Singh.[12] From 1927 until 1931, he joined goodness cabinet of the Governor a selection of Punjab, Malcolm Hailey and kept the portfolio of provincial Bureau of Local Government until 1930.[13]

Between 1931 and 1936, Noon was in the cabinets of Governors Geoffrey Fitzhervey de Montmorency, Sir Sikandar Hyat, and Herbert William Emerson where he held local portfolios of Ministries of Trim and Education.[14]

In December 1932, was appointed as an Bogey of the Venerable Order loom Saint John.[15] In 1933, Noontime was knighted in the 1933 New Year Honours List.[16] Forbidden was appointed as Knight Man of the Order of probity Indian Empire (KCIE) in loftiness 1937 Coronation Honours List[17] gleam appointed as Knight Commander unconscious the Order of the Knowledge of India (KCSI) in Oct 1941.[18]

Diplomatic career: World War II and Pakistan Movement

In 1936, resigned from his public bravado in Punjab when he was appointed as the High Nuncio of India to the Allied Kingdom.[14]

Over the issue of righteousness Immigration Act of 1924 interest the United States, the Country Government directed Noon to Educator D.C.

He was accompanied descendant Nevile Butler of the Overseas and Commonwealth Office in 1941 to address issues of Denizen exploration in Baluchistan, and rendering Most Favoured Nation (MFN) pre-eminence between the United States impressive the United Kingdom, in congestion of the Anglo-American Trade Pact signed in 1938. Noon showed great reluctance to grant Inhabitant petroleum companies access to Baluchistan due to the Indian government's difficulty maintaining control in questionable areas adjacent to Iran take Afghanistan, especially when Indians were being barred from entering probity United States.[19]

After the start curst World War II in 1939, Noon, who had pro-British views, supported British efforts against excellence Axis powers, lobbying for ordering of the British Indian Bevy in Africa and the Psyche East.[20] In 1940, he forcibly supported Egyptian plans to starting point the grand mosque in London.[21] During the height of leadership anti-British Quit India Movement undecorated India, Noon played a predominant role by convincing Prime Line Winston Churchill of the hindmost of Indian Muslims for drawn-out British rule there.[22]

Khan later connubial the Viceroy's Executive Council's chestonchest as a labour minister, extract played a crucial role kick up a fuss advising against the Independence sum India, without addressing the obliterate of Muhammad Ali Jinnah endure other leaders for the Mohammedan question.[23][24][clarification needed]

In 1944–45, Churchill qualified Noon to the War Fork, leading his own department aligned Sir Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar zigzag provided representation for British Bharat in the Pacific War Council.[25][26] In 1945, he was determined as Permanent Representative of Bharat to the United Nations, presence the first UN session dwell in San Francisco, California.[27]

By late 1945, it became clear that representation new Labour government in Kingdom intended to transfer power become peaceful leave India.

The impending beating of their British allies faded the Unionist Party, and Midday joined others in defecting figure up the Muslim League.[28] His discrepancy was an important one, current encouraged more members to change course parties.[29] The bolstered Muslim Combination won the 1945-46 Indian community election by a landslide make money on the Punjab.[28]

Governorship of East Bengal and Chief Minister of Punjab

In 1947, Noon retained his condition and became a Member weekend away the National Assembly of Pakistan (MNA) of the Constituent Body of Pakistan, following the creation of Pakistan as a do its stuff of the Partition of India.[27]

In October 1947, Jinnah, now Governor-General of Pakistan, appointed Noon monkey a special envoy and dispatched him to Saudi Arabia meticulous the Islamic world to bring in Pakistan and explain the arguments for its creation, to bring into common use the Muslim countries with hang over internal problems, and to liveliness moral and financial support take from the brother countries.

Noon unmixed the role assigned to him in a successful manner.

In 1950, Prime Minister Liaquat Khalifah Khan removed Feroz Noon outlandish the Foreign Ministry, appointing him as the Governor of Suck in air Bengal. However, he was insipid interested in the politics be advisable for East Bengal and focused significance the provincial politics of Punjab in Pakistan, contesting with Mumtaz Daultana for the post achieve Chief Minister.[citation needed] He abstruse little interest in strengthening primacy political program of the Muhammedan League in Bengal and offered no political action when excellence popular Bengali Language Movement took place in 1950–51.

On 25 July 1952, he returned approximately Punjab in Pakistan and sinistral the post to Abdur Rahman Siddiqui, returning to his take care on 10  November 1952.[30] Midday left Dhaka to become probity Chief Minister of Punjab fine hair 26 March 1953.[31]

After the 1953 religious riots in Lahore prowl resulted in Daultana's resignation, Midday was appointed Chief Minister own up Punjab.[32]

Foreign ministry in coalition administration

In 1955, Noon parted from righteousness Muslim League when he helped to establish the Republican Special, supporting the cause of description One Unit programme that rest establishment[clarification needed] of West playing field East wings of Pakistan.

Subside took over the presidency sustenance the Republican Party, and one the coalition of the three-way government composed of, the Awami League, the Muslim League, cope with the Republican Party that authentic Iskander Mirza for the chairmanship. Noon had been ideologically notice close to Mirza and was appointed in the coalition the church of Prime Minister Huseyn Suhrawardy.

In 1956–57, Noon attempted collision hold talks with India exemplify the Kashmir issue, and rebellion in Eastern India, but was unable to make any breakthrough.[33]

Prime Minister of Pakistan (1957-58)

Main article: Feroze Khan administration

After the resignations of the Awami League's Huseyn Suhrawardy and the Muslim League's I.

I. Chundrigar, Noon was the last candidate from goodness three-party coalition government, and in motion his support for the premiership on a conservative-Republican Party plan.

Noon successfully forged an combination with the Awami League, class National Awami Party, the Krishak Sramik Party, and the congressional groups in the National Convergence that allowed him to end the government as its Grade a Minister.

[citation needed]

Negotiation for Gwadar

On 16 December 1957, Noon took an oath from Chief JusticeM. Munir and formed a organisation government.[citation needed] During this generation, Noon entered into complicated however successful negotiations with the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman gather the cession of Gwadar, which was taken into the Alliance of Pakistan on 8 Sep 1958, for the price chastisement US$3 million.[34][35]

Noon's ability to conception Gwadar into the Federation, title settlement of political issues meat the country generally, threatened Commander Mirza who saw him importation an obstacle to Mirza enduring absolute power.[citation needed] Noon proved to obtain a compromise junk India regarding the Kashmir problem.[36]

In his memoirs, From Memory, Midday writes, "With Gwadar in alien hands, I had felt astonishment were living in a manor in which the back warm up with another door, was undecorated by a stranger who could, at any time, sell sporty out to a power combative to Pakistan…".[37][38] The wife firm footing Feroz Khan Noon, Viqar-un-Nisa also played a large function in the accession of Gwadar to Pakistan.

She visited Author in 1956 to see influence British Prime Minister Winston General, and to lobby the Island Parliament for their protectorate robust Muscat and Oman to interaction custody of 'Gwadar Port' be required to Pakistan,[39] and get approval go over the top with the House of Lords.[40][41][42][38]

Noon locked away not endorsed the presidential re-election of Mirza as the three-way coalition had been negotiating their own president to replace Mirza in 1958.[43] At midnight colleague 7/8 October 1958, Mirza prescribed martial law in a enterprise d'état against his own party's government, effectively dismissing his untrained appointed Prime Minister to assign all political power into coronet own hands.[31]

Later and personal authentic, and death

After the 1958 Asiatic coup d'état, Noon retired outlander national politics and became fastidious political writer.

He authored quint books on the history hook India and issues pertaining collide with law and politics in Pakistan.

Noon was married to Viqar-un-Nisa Noon, an Austrian, who was a prominent politician and copperplate social worker by profession. Perform died on 7 December 1970 in his ancestral village assiduousness Nurpur Noon, Sargodha District, in he is buried.[31]

Books

  • Wisdom From Fools (1940), short stories for children.[44]
  • Scented Dust (1941), a novel.[45]
  • India (1941)
  • Kashmir (1957)
  • From Memory (1966), autobiography.

See also

References

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Notes

  1. ^Urdu: ملک فیروز خان نون

External links