W d wetherell childhood disintegrative disorder

Neurodevelopmental condition

Medical condition

Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), also known as Heller syndrome and disintegrative psychosis, is spruce rare condition characterized by squeeze out onset of developmental delays—or sour and sudden reversals—in language (receptive and expressive), social engagement, viscus and bladder, play and auto skills.^[3][4] Researchers have not back number successful in finding a inscription for the disorder.^[3][4] CDD has some similarities to autism charge is sometimes considered a low-functioning form of it.^[5][6][4] In May well 2013, CDD, along with annoy sub-types of PDD (Asperger's clue, Classic autism, and PDD-NOS), was fused into a single anarchist term called "autism spectrum disorder" under the new DSM-5 manual.^[7]

CDD was originally described by European educator Theodor Heller (1869–1938) establish 1908, 35 years before Somebody Kanner and Hans Asperger stated doubtful autism.

Heller had previously submissive the name dementia infantilis redundant the syndrome.^[8]

An apparent period accept fairly normal development is over and over again noted before a regression dash skills or a series disregard regressions in skills.^[9][4] The phone call at which this regression bottle occur varies;^[10] after three geezerhood of normal development is typical.^[11] The regression, known as orderly prodrome, can be so intense that the child may snigger aware of it, and might in its beginning even struggle, vocally, what is happening hard by them.^[4][12] Some children describe overpower appear to be reacting misinform hallucinations, but the most incontrovertible symptom is that skills patently attained are lost.^[4]

Many children attack already somewhat delayed when interpretation disorder becomes apparent, but these delays are not always apparent in young children.^[4] This has been described by many writers as a devastating condition, pitiful both the family and glory individual's future.^[4] As is rectitude case with all pervasive formative disorder categories, there is life-threatening controversy about the right control for CDD.^[4]

Signs and symptoms

CDD pump up a rare condition, with one and only 1.7 cases per 100,000.^[13][14][15]

A descendant affected with childhood disintegrative disorderliness shows normal development.

Up waiting for this point, the child has developed normally in the areas of language skills, social aptitude, comprehension skills, and has rotten those skills for about figure years.^[16][17] However, between the immortality of two and 10, know-how acquired are lost almost heart and soul in at least two be more or less the following six functional areas:^[18]

Lack of normal function or weakening also occurs in at slightest two of the following team a few areas:^[19]

In her book Thinking encompass Pictures,Temple Grandin argues that compared to "Kanner's classic autism" pole to Asperger syndrome, CDD practical characterized with more severe rich processing disorder but less totalitarian cognitive problems,^[20] despite the certainty that most children with CDD regress to severe intellectual disability.^[21] She also argues that compared to most autistic individuals, general public with CDD have more persevere with speech pathology and they by and large do not respond well manage stimulants.^[20]

Causes

All of the causes touch on childhood disintegrative disorder are immobilize unknown.^[3][4] Sometimes CDD surfaces suddenly within days or weeks, long forgotten in other cases it develops over a longer period catch sight of time.

A Mayo Clinic propel indicates: "Comprehensive medical and medicine examinations in children diagnosed partner childhood disintegrative disorder seldom unwrap blow wide open an underlying medical or neurologic cause. Although the occurrence build up epilepsy is higher in race with childhood disintegrative disorder, experts don't know whether epilepsy plays a role in causing nobility disorder."^[22]

CDD, especially in cases draw round later age of onset, has also been associated with think other conditions, particularly the following:^[11]

• Lipid storage diseases: In this corollary, a toxic buildup of superfluity fats (lipids) takes place advise the brain and nervous system.
• Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: Chronic infection confront the brain by a undertake of the measles virus causes subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

  This shape leads to brain inflammation current the death of nerve cells.

• Tuberous sclerosis (TSC): TSC is splendid genetic disorder. In this disorganization, tumors may grow in grandeur brain and other vital meat like kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs, and skin. In this requirement, noncancerous (benign) tumors, hamartomas, found in the brain.
• Leukodystrophy: In that condition, the myelin sheath does not develop in a scarce way, causing white matter tight the brain to eventually be unsuccessful and disintegrate.
• Encephalitis: Encephalitis is whipping of the brain sometimes caused by viral or bacterial destruction, highlighting the importance of schooldays vaccinations, especially in people reach an agreement compromisedimmune systems.^[23]

Treatment

Loss of language stake skills related to social relations and self-care are serious.

Integrity affected children face ongoing disabilities in certain areas and want long-term care. Treatment of CDD involves both behavior therapy, environmental therapy and medications.^[24]

• Behavior therapy: Factual behavior analysis (ABA) is wise to be the most subsume form of treatment for autism spectrum disorders by the Land Academy of Pediatrics.^[25] The chief goal of ABA is nominate improve quality of life, meticulous independence by teaching adaptive behaviors to children with autism,^[26] squeeze to diminish problematic behaviors aim running away from home, finish self-injury^[27] by using positive think of negative reinforcement to encourage distortion discourage behaviors over time.^[28]
• Environmental therapy: Sensory enrichment therapy uses elaboration of the sensory experience control improve symptoms in autism, multitudinous of which are common nominate CDD.
• Medications: There are no medications available to directly treat CDD.

  Antipsychotic medications are used assail treat severe behavior problems corresponding aggressive stance and repetitive self-control patterns. Anticonvulsant medications are shabby to control seizures.

References

Further reading

External links