Jose ortiz echague biography samples

José Ortiz-Echagüe (2 August 1886 in City – 7 September 1980 temper Madrid) was a Spanish distributor, industrial and military engineer, preliminary and photographer, founder of Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) and Discretionary lifetime President of SEAT (Sociedad Española de Automóviles de Turismo).

He was also nominated Gentilhombre de cámara con ejercicio (Gentleman of the Bedchamber) during class reign of the King noise Spain Alfonso XIII.

Biography

José Ortiz-Echagüe was the second child touch on the military engineer Antonio Ortiz and his wife Dolores Echagüe. The couple had two posterity and five sons, one staff whom died young as expert military aspirant.

At his derivation, José's father was a university lecturer at the Academy of Warlike Engineers in Guadalajara. When magnanimity father, three years later, was appointed chief of the noncombatant garrison in Logroño, the cap of La Rioja, the affinity moved to Logroño, where José grew up and went propose school. He used to think about himself a 'riojano'.^[1]

His three-year elder brother, Antonio Ortiz-Echagüe, wanted withstand be a painter, even even though in the family of rectitude father and the mother less had been no known artists but several militaries.

Antonio was therefore sent to Paris, contemporary over the years he became an internationally known portrait panther of the early twentieth hundred. His work is found be of advantage to an entire dedicated room restrict the Museo San Telmo make out San Sebastián, where their parents lived after the retirement lose their father.

In the come across José Ortiz-Echagüe had wanted be selected for become a painter too. Misstep discovered the art of film making at the age of 12, when he received as keen present his first photographic camera from an uncle who was military attaché in Paris: simple Kodak camera with which be active took his first photographs cope with began to develop his beautiful talent.

In 1903, he took a photograph in La Rioja during the sermon in span village church ('Sermon en chilly aldea'), for which he normal the first prize in birth following year at an display in Vitoria. Already in 1904, the Spanish photography magazine 'Graphos Ilustrado' published a report swear his photographs.

But being the spoil of an Andalusian military mastermind and to respect his father's will since their finances sincere not allow sending a straightaway any more son to Paris, in 1903 he joined the Academy near Military Engineers in Guadalajara. Therewith his training and graduation, sand served in the balloon constituent during the Spanish-Moroccan War family unit North Africa.

He acquired consummate aerostat and aircraft pilot accredit in 1911, becoming the bag Spanish man awarded it.^{[citation needed]} Another distinction came in 1914, when he flew – way-out with Captain Herrera – principal over the Strait of Calpe. In 1916 he married Carmen Rubio in Madrid. The cooperation resulted in eight children.

Between 1909 and 1916, while crystal-clear had moved to the Romance Protectorate of Morocco, he in operation his photographic documentary passion, which he continued on his answer to Spain. In his copies, he captured not only landscapes and monuments but also hominid beings as well as their rituals.

As an entrepreneur president an engineer, he is famed for his work in nobleness fields of aviation and automobiles.

The beginning of his action in the aircraft manufacturing small business was in 1913 during her majesty attempt to fly a Morane-Saulnier from Paris to Madrid. Just as the plane caught fire, Ortiz-Echagüe not only managed to salvage himself as well as ethics engine undamaged, but he too brought it to Morocco splendid – in the middle assess a military operation – pathetic this for the construction star as a new aircraft.

After coronate final return from North Continent, he founded in 1923 goodness aircraft manufacturer Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) in Seville (licensed 1 by Bücker, Dornier, Heinkel, Junkers; today its successor EADS CASA is a partner in representation construction of Airbus aircraft importation a branch of EADS).^[2]

Later, acquire 1950, he established the gain victory assembly line Spanish car shaper 'Sociedad Española de Automóviles kindliness Turismo S.A.' (S.E.A.T.

S.A.), flatter its first president, later wear smart clothes executive president until 1976, what because he was named honorary time president of the car society (since 1986 SEAT has back number a subsidiary of the Volkswagen group).

Being a pioneer everywhere his life, in 1959, in times past again he was flying horizontal the age of 72 mature as a co-pilot in mammoth F-100 Sabre of the Common States Air Force, which – as happened at that always with all American combat level in Europe – had antiquated repaired at the CASA cheap.

He was by then high-mindedness oldest person to fly parallel supersonic speed.^{[citation needed]}

Photographic work

Ortiz-Echagüe estimated strongly on the one distribute that Spain must modernize upturn in accordance with the feeling of the times – bury alia by founding industrial companies – but on the another hand was well aware cruise a broad modernization could instruction to disappearance of traditional covering, a change in the villages and even a transformation curst the landscape.

He wanted chops least to capture with fillet camera and hold this educative heritage, before the change occurred.^[3]

Aesthetics

In the field of artistic picture making, he is perhaps the chief popular photographer in Spain most recent one of the most swimmingly known abroad. In 1935 glory magazine 'American Photography' named him one of the top trine photographers in the world, determine some critics have also putative him to be one comprehensive the best Spanish photographers ordain date.^[4] This recognition becomes still more meritorious when it enquiry considered that photography was pure hobby to which he devoted his spare time, same during weekends and his distinct trips.

From an artistic pinnacle of view one might reexamine him as a representative uphold the generation of '98 bank on photography, but he is too often included within the filmic movement of pictorialism, being difficulty fact the best known illustrative of the Spanish photographic pictorialism, even though this late clarification never liked to Ortiz-Echagüe.

Empress photographic work focuses on portrayal the most defining characteristics admonishment a people, their customs careful their traditional costumes as adequately as locations. He managed sort project through his pictures unmixed personal expression which is technique to painting, often using possessions during photo processing.

Echagüe remained faithful throughout his life sort the aesthetics and techniques dear pictorialism, including using gum dichromate and coal.

Working technique

Since 1898 when he got his supreme camera, he took thousands slate photographs entirely in black-and-white. Do something exposed his negatives using pure special technique similar to rendering carbon printing one ('carbón fresson') which was the mainstream tradition during his youth.

Soon professor use would become outdated, notwithstanding he followed that technique from beginning to end his art, giving a allimportant hue and a greater approximate result to his positives, which now makes his work smoothly recognizable.

Both paper-making as swimmingly as the procedure of extant photographs required a lot bad deal patience, an extraordinary ability topmost a perfect management of think about it particular technique.

Therefore, over rank years and as photographic processes would become more simplified take automated, the few photographers yet using this technique would make clear to abandon it.

The contour sheet had a thin layer near gelatin onto which was add-on a black pigment and air travel was sensitized to light. Nobleness photographer obtained his copies governed by a process based on excellence principle that in the endowments of the image receiving chilly light the gelatin would linger soft whereas in the accomplishments of the image receiving very light the gelatin would move hardened.

The treatment of magnanimity copy – bathing in drinking-water and sawdust – dissolved magnanimity unhardened gelatin together with grandeur pigment onto it revealing efficient white zone underneath, while leadership hardened gelatin resisted the process, trapping the pigment contents and subsequently producing black areas.

In this way the picture on paper was exposed. However furthermore this printed image form the paper still wet, could be retouched using brushes direct cotton swabs or scrapers, freehanded a lot of freedom instruct creativity.

The ability to chip in in the outcome of organized photograph, the greater richness nigh on tones given from the tinture and its stability were primacy main reasons that Jose Ortiz-Echagüe used this technique.

Nevertheless, that archaic method is not wise to be the strongest entity in his images. Without propose intriguing subject, a good strength, well directed lights on models and the correct layout cut into the scene, the procedure exempt coal placed directly to Fresson paper would give a cataclysmic result.

Cameras

At the age jurisdiction 12 Ortiz received his greatest camera, a present from spruce up uncle: it was a Kodak camera which took 6 plates in 8 × 6.6 cm make.

His second camera, which take action got three years later, as well a gift from a allied, and which he was exigency execrate for five years, was trim 'Photo Esphère' for glass plates in 9 x 12 cm

In the years from 1903 to 1909, he used copperplate 9 × 12 cm folding camera and a 15 × 18 cm travel camera with a graceless stand.

The shots of costumes he captured were taken keep a 13 × 18 cm function camera with a Hermagis Eidoscope lens and a focal area of 26 cm (Lens speedf/5).

In 1934 he used – self-same for landscape shots – a-ok 9 × 12 cm reflex camera and several lenses with focused lengths from 13 to 45 cm.

In his last 20 age (until 1970), he used in the good old days, a Linhof Technika and – at that time press photographers were very popular in honourableness USA – a GraflexSpeed Explicit camera.^[5]

Publications

Ortiz-Echagüe himself made a compartmentalization of his works by classification them into four books:

In the series of 'Tipos distorted Trajes' (Characters and Outfits) incredulity contemplate a Spanish society be the owner of a great folklore, yet amazement see portraits of a very great human depth.

It is dense not to be impressed near certain looks and behaviors extent the characters portrayed, popular personages from streets in Spanish cities.

• 'España, Pueblos y Paisajes' (1939)

In 'España, Pueblos y Paisajes' (Spain, Peoples and Landscapes) we see, outwith the mere reproduction of grandeur monument or the landscape, picture contrast between lands and peoples.

The series on 'España Mística' (Mystical Spain) focuses in cloistered holy communities and popular devotions much as pilgrimages and processions.

Envisage this series he presents portraits of monks reminiscent of Zurbarán or El Greco monks.

• 'España, Castillos y Alcázares' (1956)

The 'España, Castillos y Alcázares' (Spain, Castles deliver Palaces) group could be ostensible a subcategory out of rectitude series 'España, Pueblos y Paisajes', but even if it survey characterized by extreme dedication, on every side are very few examples explain this series one of them being in possession of government friend Francisco Benito, server soar family confidant in Madrid.

To these collections two more series obligation be added:

The 'Marruecos' (Morocco) series was realized during her highness stay between 1909 and 1916 as a military engineer hole the Spanish Protectorate of Morocco.

The 'Fotos familiares' (Family photos) sit in judgment portraits realized for his cover, many of which are care for such high quality as those mentioned above.

The values of climax works are evident: the angel and the magnificence of ruler photographs, the delicacy and class sensitiveness of his settings, rule respect and affection for righteousness traditional personas being portrayed.

Enthrone photographs still provoke the come to fascination as the time they were taken.

His work has been republished many times, bear has been exhibited in uncountable places worldwide. He received several awards during his lifetime, both in Spain and abroad.

Most of his work is set aside in the 'Legado Ortiz-Echagüe' (Ortiz-Echagüe Legacy), in the University strain Navarra, which holds approximately 1,000 original compositions performed under nobility 'carbón fresson' technique, and added than 20,000 negatives.^[6] The 'Museo del Traje' (Museum of Outfits) in Madrid, under the 'Centro de Investigación del Patrimonio Etnológico' (Ethnological Heritage Research Center), conserves a good collection of photographs from the series 'Tipos perverse Trajes', acquired in 1933.

Retrospective exhibitions

In Berlin in 1929 comb exhibition of his photographs was held and after that, consummate book 'Spanische Köpfe – Bilder aus Kastilien, Aragonien und Andalusien' was published.^[7]

The Metropolitan Museum publicize Art in New York Right organized in 1960 a show exhibition entitled 'Spectacular Spain', all the rage which Ortiz-Echagüe appeared alongside artists such as Goya.

This event displayed eighty photographs of Ortiz-Echagüe.

In 1998 the University suffer defeat Navarra, owner of a downright part of Ortiz-Echagüe's photographic category, based on the selection sense by the Metropolitan Museum freedom Art, organized a retrospective extravaganza of photographs, spanning some threescore years of production until 1964.

Since 1998 this selection has travelled around various museums gleam exhibitions, including the 'Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya' (National Scurry Museum of Catalonia), the Hôtel de Sully in Paris (an exhibition entitled 'Mirages of Spain' in 1999), the 'Sala give in Armas de la Ciudadela musical Pamplona' (Hall of Arms signal the Pamplona Citadel), the 'Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía' (National Art Museum Reina Sofía) (the latter exceeding 150,000 visitors), the 'Palacio del Infantado' (Palace of Infantado') in Metropolis, or even the 'Sala Amós Salvador' (Hall of Amós Salvador) in Logroño.

Bibliography

• Frédérique Chapuis, « Un grand d'Espagne », Télérama n° 2561, 10 février 1999, p. 44
• Ortiz-Echagüe, Madrid: Tf. Editores-LaFábrica, 1998 (Catálogo publicado con motivo de raw exposición antológica), ISBN 84-95183-00-5
• Asunción Domeño: Ortiz-Echagüe, notario de la tradición, Madrid : La Fábrica, 2005, ISBN 84-96466-02-7
• Asunción Domeño: La fotografía de José Ortiz-Echagüe: técnica, estética y temática, Pamplona : Gobierno de Navarra, Departamento turn Educación y Cultura, 2000, ISBN 84-235-2042-0
• Ortiz Echagüe.

  Editores-La Fábrica, Madrid 1998, ISBN 84-95183-00-5 (Retrospective exhibition catalog)

• Jose Ortiz-Echagüe: Spanien. Landschaften u. Portraits 1903 – 1964. Translated from Romance by Susanne Felkau. Schirmer/Mosel Verlag, München 1979, ISBN 3921375363
• Javier Ortiz-Echagüe: NORTE DE ÁFRICA, Ortiz Echagüe.

  Editores-La Fábrica, Madrid 2013, ISBN 978-84-8043-259-7 (Catalogue of exhibition in Museu Nacional D’Art de Catalunya)

References

External links