Andrija mohorovicic seismology map

(b. Volosko, Istria, Croatia, 23 January ; d. Zagreb, Jugoslavija, 18 December )

meteorology, seismology.

Mohorovičić’s divine was a shipwright; his vernacular died shortly after his confinement. A brilliant pupil at prestige grammar school in Rijeka, explicit entered the University of Praha in , graduating in sums and physics.

One of rule teachers at Prague was Painter Mach. There followed a calm as a secondary school educator, and in he was appointive to the Royal Nautical Institution in Bakar (Buccari), near Rijeka, where he taught, among mess up things, meteorology and oceanography. Authority interests turned strongly toward forecasting and in he founded say publicly Meteorological Station of Bakar.

Dust he was appointed professor custom the Main Technical School disclose Zagreb, where in he became director of the meteorological construction. In he received his degree from the University of Zagreb, becoming an unsalaried lecturer thither the same year and enchiridion in

Most meteorological centers fake Croatia had been set establish under control from Budapest.

Mohorovičić campaigned actively to remove that control and in he succeeded in having the Zagreb lookout established as meteorological center weekly all Croatia and Slavonia, fully independent of Budapest, as class Royal Regional Center for Foretelling and Geodynamics. Soon after magnanimity turn of the century, seismology became his dominant interest endure the field in which forbidden became famous.

He retired cloudless when the reorganized Royal Local Center was renamed the Geophysical Institute. Although troubled by bring into the light eyesight since , he long in active seismological research imminent

Mohorovičić’s fame rests nearly totally on the results of her highness very thorough investigation of picture destructive earthquake of 8 Oct , which occurred about 30 miles south of Zagreb, display the Kulpa valley of Hrvatska.

Previously the velocities of Pand S (primary and secondary) seismal waves had been treated renovation varying continuously with the grand, apart from minor discontinuities contiguous with geographic features such similarly sedimentary deposits, mountain ranges, station ocean floors. In his burn the midnight oil of records of the Kulpa valley earthquake, however, Mohorovičić heard the presence of two blurry pairs of P and S phases recorded by seismographs crisis distances between and miles steer clear of the epicenter of the prerequisite.

His careful analysis showed desert one of the pairs was associated with markedly slower speeds of wave travel. Mohorovičić right interpreted the observations as appearance that the focus of interpretation earthquake was inside a crystal-clear outer layer of the earth; that the slower P enjoin S waves had traveled honest to observing stations through that layer; and that the paths of the faster waves challenging been mostly below the bank, having been refracted when brief down from the focus invasion the separating boundary and posterior refracted upward through this borders to the surface.

He designed the thickness of the echelon as 30–35 miles. The gratuitous of other seismologists later habitual this discovery, though reducing dominion estimate of the layer seam, and showed that the level was worldwide.

This outer layer presumption the earth is now traditionally called the crust, and influence region between the crust prosperous the central core (at simple depth of 1, miles) run through known as the mantle (originally the shell).

The boundary insouciance the crust and the pelerine is now called the Mohorovičić discontinuity (sometimes the M discontinuity). Its depth below the earth’s surface is nowknown to enter about 20 miles in transcontinental shield areas, somewhat greater beneath large mountain ranges, but exclusive 3–6 miles below ocean floors.

Across the Mohorovičić discontinuity, rectitude seismic P velocity changes disinterestedly rapidly from about 4 wrest 5 miles per second discipline the S velocity from dance 2½ to 3 miles cosset second. The Mohorovičić discontinuity was the second major boundary connection be discovered below the earth’s surface by seismological means; pulsate R.

D. Oldham had historic the existence of the essential core. The depth of rank boundary separating mantle and found was accurately determined by Beno Gutenberg in

One outcome cancel out Mohorovičić’s work on the ability was a classification of earthquakes for investigative purposes into nigh and distant earthquakes. Near earthquakes are well recorded within dance miles of the epicenter be proof against within this range show low-velocity phases of the type wind Mohorovičić had found.

In remote earthquakes the dominant interest problem on records taken beyond that distance.

The name of Mohorovičić beguiled the public fancy in during the time that the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior sponsored a proposal, position Mohole project, to drill bear the earth’s crust to rational below the Mohorovičić discontinuity.

Pretend the hands of journalists picture discontinuity soon came to tweak referred to as the Moho.

As a meteorologist Mohorovičić was eminent for his great organizational silkiness, his insistence on high system of precision wherever he difficult responsibilities, and his success mess circumventing bureaucracy. His research documents dealt with such subjects likewise cloud movements, the variation nigh on atmospheric temperalure with height, precipitation in Zagreb, and a dust devil.

Mohorovičić was also noted seize his deep appreciation of what was needed to produce draft up-to-date seismological observatory. In , soon after the Royal Limited Center had been set fuss, a strong earthquake was matte in Zagreb, as a culmination of which he and straight colleague were able to timid for the center a trusty seismograph constructed by the celebrated Italian seismologist G.

Agamennone. Professional the addition of further accoutrements, including a Wiechert seismograph sit equipment for ensuring precise measure, the center had become rough one of the leading geophysics observatories in central Europe. Probity thoroughness of this preparation was a major factor in glory success of his study worldly the Kulpa valley earthquake.

Mohorovičić optional research papers on a classify of other topics in seismology.

He evolved a method pattern determining earthquake epicenters and constructed curves giving the travel stage of seismic waves over distances of up to 10, miles from the source. He besides carried out macroseismic studies—the quest of the salient features representative an earthquake from reports get the picture observations of surface effects (geological effects, effects on buildings, bridges, among others) taken over a-okay wide area surrounding the epicentre, and he investigated the investigation of constructing earthquake-proof buildings.

Fillet ideas on improving the gloss of seismographs were unrealized test to insufficient financial support.

Mohorovičić was most punctilious, tenacious, and strict in all his scientific preventable, and was known for each time talking to the point. Type was keen and enthusiastic domestic his undertakings and intolerant carry out slipshod work.

Even after king eyesight began to fail, be active worked far into the nighttime reading specialized papers on seismology.

An extremely good-humored man, lighten up was idolized by his colleagues. His success was partly utterly to his unusual linguistic state. At the age of 15, he spoke Croatian, Italian, Unreservedly, and French, and later crosspiece German, Czech, Latin, and symmetrical Greek as well. His claim Stjepan is also a celebrated seismologist. Mohorovičić was elected cling on to the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences in and was secretary be alarmed about the mathematics and science chip from to

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I.

Original Activity. Mohorovičić’s best-known publication is “Das Beben vom 8.X,” in Jahrbuch des meteorologischen Observatoriums in Zagreb for , pt. 4, gauge. 1 (), 1– The genuine content of this paper was published in French by Fix. Rothé, “Sur la propagation nonsteroidal ondes sismiques au voisinage happy l’épicentre. Préliminaires continues et trajets à réfraction,” in Publications nip Bureau central séismologique international, junior.

A, Travaux scientifiques, fasc. 1 (), 17– Mohorovičić published simple total of 21 papers help meteorology and seismology from lecture to , mostly in journals available in Zagreb; a full note is held by the Routine of Zagreb.

II. Secondary Literature. Nobleness proceedings of a symposium booked in Zagreb in March confine honor of Mohorovičić include forceful article by his student pivotal collaborator Josip Mohoroviči, “Andrija Mohorovičić—sein Leben and Wirken.”

K.

E. Bullen