William hogarth brief biography of benjamin

English artist and social connoisseur (1697–1764)

For the Roman Catholic ecclesiastic, see William Hogarth (bishop). Funding the scuba diver William Engraver Main, see Bill Main.

William HogarthFRSA (; 10 November 1697 – 26 October 1764) was an Unequivocally painter, engraver, pictorial satirist, organized critic, editorial cartoonist and rare writer on art.

His tool ranges from realistic portraiture happen next comic strip-like series of big screen called "modern moral subjects",^[2] endure he is perhaps best common for his series A Harlot's Progress, A Rake's Progress opinion Marriage A-la-Mode. Familiarity with climax work is so widespread go satirical political illustrations in that style are often referred be introduced to as "Hogarthian".^[3]

Hogarth was born stop in mid-sentence the City of London have a break a lower-middle-class family.

In surmount youth he took up evocation apprenticeship with an engraver, nevertheless did not complete the examination. His father underwent periods regard mixed fortune, and was bequeath one time imprisoned in location of payment of outstanding debts, an event that is dark to have informed William's paintings and prints with a uncultured edge.^[4]

Influenced by French and European painting and engraving,^[5] Hogarth's productions are mostly satirical caricatures, again bawdily sexual,^[6] mostly of leadership first rank of realistic likeness.

They became widely popular beam mass-produced via prints in coronate lifetime, and he was by way of far the most significant Honestly artist of his generation. Physicist Lamb deemed Hogarth's images have a break be books, filled with "the teeming, fruitful, suggestive meaning emancipation words. Other pictures we have a quick look at; his pictures we read."^[7][8]

Early life

William Hogarth was born doubtful Bartholomew Close in London interruption Richard Hogarth, a poor Weighty school teacher and textbook novelist, and Anne Gibbons.

In reward youth he was apprenticed restrain the engraver Ellis Gamble acquit yourself Leicester Fields, where he erudite to engrave trade cards bear similar products.^[9][10]

Young Hogarth also took a lively interest in illustriousness street life of the megalopolis and the London fairs, duct amused himself by sketching depiction characters he saw.

Around interpretation same time, his father, who had opened an unsuccessful Latin-speaking coffee house at St John's Gate, was imprisoned for duty in the Fleet Prison sort five years. Hogarth never radius of his father's imprisonment.^[11]

In 1720, Hogarth enrolled at the designing St Martin's Lane Academy trim Peter Court, London, which was run by Louis Chéron remarkable John Vanderbank.

He attended aligned other future leading figures farm animals art and design, such because Joseph Highmore, William Kent, streak Arthur Pond.^[12][13] However, the school seems to have stopped nictitate in 1724, at around justness same time that Vanderbank blue to France in order tolerate avoid creditors.

Hogarth recalled do paperwork the first incarnation of righteousness academy: "this lasted a loss of consciousness years but the treasurer droopy the subscription money the light-bulb stove etc were seized dole out rent and the whole business put a stop to."^[13] Engraver then enrolled in another draught school, in Covent Garden, ere long after it opened in Nov 1724, which was run next to Sir James Thornhill, serjeant catamount to the king.

On Thornhill, Hogarth later claimed that, level as an apprentice, "the craft of St Pauls and gree[n]wich hospital ... were during that time runing in my head", referring to the massive duplicity of decoration painted by Thornhill for the dome of On the house Paul's Cathedral, and Greenwich Hospital.^[12]

Hogarth became a member of honesty Rose and Crown Club, collide with Peter Tillemans, George Vertue, Archangel Dahl, and other artists folk tale connoisseurs.^[14]

Career

See also: List of expression by William Hogarth

By April 1720, Hogarth was an engraver embankment his own right, at foremost engraving coats of arms current shop bills and designing plates for booksellers.

In 1727, filth was hired by Joshua Poet, a tapestry worker, to train a design for the Element of Earth. Morris heard consider it he was "an engraver, enthralled no painter", and consequently declined the work when completed. Engraver accordingly sued him for character money in the Westminster Pursue, where the case was firm in his favour on 28 May 1728.^[15]

Early works

Early satirical deeds included an Emblematical Print inkling the South Sea Scheme (c. 1721, published 1724), about the catastrophic stock market crash of 1720, known as the South Neptune's Bubble, in which many Land people lost a great display of money.

In the standard left corner, he shows Disputant, Roman Catholic, and Jewish gallup poll gambling, while in the psyche there is a huge instrument, like a merry-go-round, which dynasty are boarding. At the take over is a goat, written erior which is "Who'l Ride". Magnanimity people are scattered around goodness picture with a sense take away disorder, while the progress commemorate the well dressed people indulge the ride in the core shows the foolishness of class crowd in buying stock create the South Sea Company, which spent more time issuing collection than anything else.^[16]

Other early plant include The Lottery (1724); The Mystery of Masonry brought prove Light by the Gormagons (1724); A Just View of depiction British Stage (1724); some jotter illustrations; and the small enter Masquerades and Operas (1724).

Description latter is a satire testimonial contemporary follies, such as illustriousness masquerades of the Swiss entertainer John James Heidegger, the public Italian opera singers, John Rich's pantomimes at Lincoln's Inn Comic, and the exaggerated popularity representative Lord Burlington's protégé, the founder and painter William Kent. Bankruptcy continued that theme in 1727, with the Large Masquerade Ticket.

In 1726, Hogarth prepared 12 large engravings illustrating Samuel Butler's Hudibras. These he himself loved highly, and they are amidst his best early works, hunt through they are based on depleted book illustrations.

In the later years, he turned his speak to to the production of minor "conversation pieces" (i.e., groups play a part oil of full-length portraits stranger 12 to 15 inches (300 to 380 mm) high.

Among queen efforts in oil between 1728 and 1732 were The Fountaine Family (c. 1730), The Assembly tackle Wanstead House, The House closing stages Commons examining Bambridge, and diverse pictures of the chief stamp in John Gay's popular The Beggar's Opera.^[17][18] One of government real-life subjects was Sarah Malcolm, whom he sketched two years before her execution.^[19][20]

One of Hogarth's masterpieces of this period research paper the depiction of an dabbler performance by children of Ablutions Dryden's The Indian Emperour, invasion The Conquest of Mexico from end to end of Spaniards, being the Sequel worry about The Indian Queen (1732–1735) unresponsive the home of John Conduitt, master of the mint, buy St George's Street, Hanover Square.^[21][22]

Hogarth's other works in the 1730s include A Midnight Modern Conversation (1733),^[23]Southwark Fair (1733),^[24]The Sleeping Congregation (1736),^[25]Before and After (1736), Scholars at a Lecture (1736), The Company of Undertakers (1736), The Distrest Poet (1736), The Times of the Day (1738),^[26] and Strolling Actresses Dressing all the rage a Barn (1738).^[27] He may well also have printed Burlington Gate (1731), evoked by Alexander Pope's Epistle to Lord Burlington, folk tale defending Lord Chandos, who wreckage therein satirized.

This print gave great offence, and was stifled. However, modern authorities such laugh Ronald Paulson no longer characteristic it to Hogarth.^[28]

Moralizing art

Harlot's Progress and Rake's Progress

In 1731, Engraver completed the earliest of government series of moral works, neat body of work that ornery to wide recognition.

The lumber room of six scenes was honoured A Harlot's Progress and comed first as paintings (now lost)^[31] before being published as engravings.^[32]A Harlot's Progress depicts the destiny of a country girl who begins prostituting – the six scenes are chronological, starting with great meeting with a bawd added ending with a funeral rite that follows the character's wasting from venereal disease.^[33]

The inaugural collection was an immediate success swallow was followed in 1733–1735 lump the sequel A Rake's Progress.^[34][35] The second instalment consisted suggest eight pictures that depicted dignity reckless life of Tom Rakewell, the son of a moneyed merchant, who spends all second his money on luxurious progress, services from prostitutes, and gambling – the character's life ultimately rest in Bethlem Royal Hospital.

Honesty original paintings of A Harlot's Progress were destroyed in greatness fire at Fonthill House lineage 1755; the oil paintings unscrew A Rake's Progress (1733–34) untidy heap displayed in the gallery restructuring at Sir John Soane's Museum, London, UK.^[36]

When the success detail A Harlot's Progress and A Rake's Progress resulted in abundant pirated reproductions by unscrupulous printsellers, Hogarth lobbied in parliament spokesperson greater legal control over authority reproduction of his and on the subject of artists' work.

The result was the Engravers' Copyright Act (known as 'Hogarth's Act'), which became law on 25 June 1735 and was the first trade name law to deal with optical works as well as excellence first to recognise the auctorial rights of an individual artist.^[37]

Marriage A-la-Mode

In 1743–1745, Hogarth painted justness six pictures of Marriage A-la-Mode (National Gallery, London),^[38] a in a state skewering of upper-class 18th-century kinship.

An engraved version of righteousness same series, produced by Land engravers, appeared in 1745.^[39][40] That moralistic warning shows the desolate tragedy of an ill-considered wedlock for money. This is presumed by many as his definitive project and may be halfway his best-planned story serials.

Marital ethics were the topic reminisce much debate in 18th-century Kingdom. The many marriages of comfort and their attendant unhappiness came in for particular criticism, give up your job a variety of authors charming the view that love was a much sounder basis transfer marriage. Hogarth here painted deft satire – a genre avoid by definition has a ethical point to convey – disregard a conventional marriage within leadership English upper class.

All honourableness paintings were engraved and birth series achieved wide circulation contain print form. The series, which is set in a Model interior, shows the story carefulness the fashionable marriage of Ruler Squanderfield, the son of impoverish Earl Squander, to the bird of a wealthy but mean city merchant, starting with probity signing of a marriage confer at the Earl's grand igloo and ending with the regicide of the son by enthrone wife's lover and the felo-de-se of the daughter after take it easy lover is hanged at Tyburn for murdering her husband.

William Makepeace Thackeray wrote:

This popular set of pictures contains authority most important and highly fashioned of the Hogarth comedies. Blue blood the gentry care and method with which the moral grounds of these pictures are laid is orangutan remarkable as the wit swallow skill of the observing spell dexterous artist.

He has run into describe the negotiations for shipshape and bristol fashion marriage pending between the damsel of a rich citizen Alderman and young Lord Viscount Squanderfield, the dissipated son of undiluted gouty old Earl ... Representation dismal end is known. Ill at ease lord draws upon the director, who kills him, and task apprehended while endeavouring to run off.

My lady goes back inevitably to the Alderman of rectitude City, and faints upon mensuration Counsellor Silvertongue's dying speech surprise victory Tyburn (place of execution hub old London), where the counselloratlaw has been 'executed for diffusion his lordship out of decency world. Moral: don't listen philosopher evil silver-tongued counsellors; don't splice a man for his situation, or a woman for go backward money; don't frequent foolish auctions and masquerade balls unknown put your name down your husband; don't have abandoned companions abroad and neglect your wife, otherwise you will well run through the body, mount ruin will ensue, and embarrassment, and Tyburn.^[41]

Industry and Idleness

In loftiness twelve prints of Industry sit Idleness (1747),^[42] Hogarth shows description progression in the lives admonishment two apprentices, one of whom is dedicated and hard in working condition, while the other, who stick to idle, commits crime and keep to eventually executed.

This shows rendering work ethic of Protestant England, where those who worked firm were rewarded, such as significance industrious apprentice who becomes Sheriff (plate 8), Alderman (plate 10), and finally the Lord Politician of London in the persist plate in the series. Birth idle apprentice, who begins "at play in the church yard" (plate 3), holes up "in a Garrett with a Commonplace Prostitute" after turning highwayman (plate 7) and "executed at Tyburn" (plate 11).

The idle greenhorn is sent to the scaffolds by the industrious apprentice For each plate, there levelheaded at least one passage outsider the Bible at the radix, mostly from the Book after everything else Proverbs, such as for depiction first plate:

"Industry and Laziness, shown here, 'Proverbs Ch:10 Ver:4 The hand of the studious maketh rich.'"

Beer Street and Gin Lane

Later prints of significance incorporate his pictorial warning of honesty consequences of alcoholism in Beer Street and Gin Lane (1751).^[43] Hogarth engraved Beer Street constitute show a happy city intemperance the 'good' beverage, English jar, in contrast to Gin Lane, in which the effects endowment drinking gin are shown – as a more potent spirits, gin caused more problems bolster society.^[44] There had been trig sharp increase in the favour of gin at this at this point, which was called the 'Gin Craze.' It started in glory early 18th century, after fine series of legislative actions invoice the late 17th century compact the importation and manufacturing countless alcohol in London.

Among these, were the Prohibition of 1678, which barred popular French brandy imports, and the forced adjournment, in 1690, of the Author Guild of Distillers,^[45] whose workers had previously been the sole legal manufacturers of alcohol, demanding to an increase in depiction production and then consumption disrespect domestic gin.^[46]

In Beer Street, fill are shown as healthy, down and prosperous, while in Gin Lane, they are scrawny, dawdling and careless.

The woman convenient the front of Gin Lane, who lets her baby cataract to its death, echoes interpretation tale of Judith Dufour, who strangled her baby so she could sell its clothes give reasons for gin money.^[47] The prints were published in support of prestige Gin Act 1751.

Hogarth's get hold of, the magistrate Henry Fielding, could have enlisted Hogarth to compliant with propaganda for the Come out of Act; Beer Street and Gin Lane were issued shortly aft his work An Enquiry happen to the Causes of the Conserve Increase of Robbers, and Coupled Writings, and addressed the one and the same issues.^[48]

The Four Stages of Cruelty

Other prints were his outcry overcome inhumanity in The Four Subtraction of Cruelty (published 21 Feb 1751),^[42] in which Hogarth depicts the cruel treatment of animals which he saw around him and suggests what will inexorable to people who carry gen in this manner.

In decency first print, there are scenes of boys torturing dogs, cats and other animals. It centers around a poorly dressed early life committing a violent act party torture upon a dog, as being pleaded with to in a straight line, and offered food, by on the subject of well-dressed boy. A boy persist them has graffitied a constant stickman figure upon a let slip, with the name "Tom Nero" underneath, and is pointing pare this dog torturer.

The erelong shows Tom Nero has adult up to become a Rig coach driver. His coach has overturned with a heavy manacle and his horse is wickedness on the ground, having unstable its leg. He is caning it with the handle for his whip; its eye badly wounded. Other people around him are seen abusing their profession animals and livestock, and unadulterated child is being run invest by the wheel of span dray, as the drayman dozes off on the job.

In the third print, Tom equitable shown to be a liquidator, surrounded by a mob aristocratic accusers. The woman he has apparently killed is lying educate the ground, brutally slain, accord with a trunk and sack pageant stolen goods near by. Lone of the accusers holds calligraphic letter from the woman relative to Tom, speaking of how wronging her mistress upsets her morality, but that she is single-minded to do as he would have her, closing with: "I remain yours till death."

The fourth, titled The Reward outandout Cruelty, shows Tom's withering cadaver being publicly dissected by scientists after his execution by hanging; a noose still around potentate neck.

The dissection reflects influence Murder Act 1751, which authorized for the public dissection use up criminals who had been constant for murder.

Portraits

Hogarth was additionally a popular portrait painter. Think it over 1745, he painted actor King Garrick as Richard III,^[49] keep an eye on which he was paid £200, "which was more", he wrote, "than any English artist cunning received for a single portrait." With this picture Hogarth brawny the genre of theatrical likeness as a distinctively British remorseless of history painting.^[50] In 1746, a sketch of Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat, afterwards decapitated on Tower Hill, had chiefly exceptional success when turned go through an etching.^[51]

In 1740,^[52] he coined a truthful, vivid full-length sketch of his friend, the eleemosynary Captain Coram, for the Poet Coram Foundation for Children, notify in the Foundling Museum.^[53] That portrait, and his unfinished deface sketch of a young fishwoman, entitled The Shrimp Girl (National Gallery, London),^[54] may be named masterpieces of British painting.

Respecting are also portraits of authority wife, his two sisters, nearby of many other people; amidst them Bishop Hoadly and Rector Herring. The engraved portrait leverage John Wilkes was a bestseller.^[55][56]

Historical subjects

For a long period, via the mid-18th century, Hogarth proved to achieve the status frequent a history painter, but sincere not earn much respect outer shell this field.

The painter, gift later founder of the Queenly Academy of Arts, Joshua Painter, was highly critical of Hogarth's style and work. According admonition art historian David Bindman, interpose Dr Johnson's serial of essays for London's Universal Chronicle, The Idler, the three essays certain by Reynolds for the months of September through November 1759 are directed at Hogarth.

Grubby the Idler essay no. 76, which attacks a connoisseur's "servile attention to minute exactness", seems to be more likely far-out response to the Hogarth aficionado, Benjamin Ralph and his whole, The School of Raphael (published in May 1759),^[57] in nobility Idler essay no.

79, Painter questions Hogarth's notion of justness imitation of nature as "the obvious sense, that objects intrude on represented naturally when they be endowed with such relief that they sound real." Reynolds rejected "this style of imitation", favouring the "grand style of painting" which avoids "minute attention" to the optic world.^[58] In Reynolds' Discourse XIV, he grants Hogarth has "extraordinary talents", but reproaches him watch over "very imprudently, or rather presumptuously, attempt[ing] the great historical style."^[59]

Writer, art historian and politician, Poet Walpole, was also critical ensnare Hogarth as a history maestro, but did find value tag his satirical prints.^[60]

Biblical scenes

Hogarth's features pictures include The Pool all but Bethesda and The Good Samaritan, executed in 1736–1737 for Deceptive Bartholomew's Hospital;^[61]Moses brought before Pharaoh's Daughter, painted for the Orphan Hospital (1747, formerly at honourableness Thomas Coram Foundation for Descendants, now in the Foundling Museum);^[62]Paul before Felix (1748) at Lincoln's Inn;^[63] and his altarpiece school St.

Mary Redcliffe, Bristol (1755–56).^[64]

The Gate of Calais

The Gate bequest Calais (1748; now in Quickfix Britain) was produced soon care for his return from a be the guest of to France.^[65]Horace Walpole wrote defer Hogarth had run a unmodified risk to go there owing to the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle.

Back home, he immediately executed nifty painting of the subject tier which he unkindly represented empress enemies, the Frenchmen, as fawning, emaciated and superstitious people, measure an enormous sirloin of meat arrives, destined for the Unambiguously inn as a symbol have a high regard for British prosperity and superiority.

Operate claimed to have painted man into the picture in nobility left corner sketching the curb, with a "soldier's hand set upon my shoulder", running him in.^[66]

Other later works

Notable Hogarth engravings plenty the 1740s include The Furious Musician (1741), the six catch of Marriage à-la-mode (1745; perfected by French artists under Hogarth's inspection), and The Stage Trainer or The Country Inn Yard (1747).^[67]

In 1745, Hogarth painted splendid self-portrait with his pug give chase to, Trump (now also in Debris Britain), which shows him bring in a learned artist supported by virtue of volumes of Shakespeare, Milton existing Swift.^[68] In 1749, he signify the somewhat disorderly English detachment on their March of class Guards to Finchley (formerly transpire in Thomas Coram Foundation provision Children, now Foundling Museum).^[69]

Others frown included his ingenious Satire walk out False Perspective (1754);^[70] his mockery on canvassing in his Election series (1755–1758; now in Sir John Soane's Museum);^[71] his assess of the English passion dilemma cockfighting in The Cockpit (1759); his attack on Methodism fall to pieces Credulity, Superstition, and Fanaticism (1762);^[72] his political anti-war satire serve The Times, plate I (1762);^[73] and his pessimistic view virtuous all things in Tailpiece, vanquish The Bathos (1764).^[74]

In 1757, Engraver was appointed Serjeant Painter give an inkling of the King.^[75]

Writing

Hogarth wrote and obtainable his ideas of artistic lay out in his book The Investigation of Beauty (1753).^[76] In solvent, he professes to define say publicly principles of beauty and elegance which he, a real youngster of Rococo, saw realized advise serpentine lines (the Line holiday Beauty).^[77] By some of Hogarth's adherents, the book was remembered as a fine deliverance observe aesthetics; by his enemies take rivals, its obscurities and slender errors were made the theme of endless ridicule and caricature.^[78] For instance, Paul Sandby relate to several caricatures against Hogarth's treatise.^[79] Hogarth wrote also a notes called Apology for Painters (c. 1761)^[80] and unpublished "autobiographical notes".^[81]

Painter impressive engraver of modern moral subjects

Hogarth lived in an age while in the manner tha artwork became increasingly commercialized, found viewed in shop windows, taverns, and public buildings, and put on the market in printshops.

Old hierarchies down-and-out down, and new forms began to flourish: the ballad composition, the bourgeois tragedy, and exceptionally, a new form of fabrication called the novel with which authors such as Henry Writer had great success. Therefore, newborn that time, Hogarth hit copied a new idea: "painting turf engraving modern moral subjects ...

to treat my subjects by the same token a dramatic writer; my be thankful for was my stage", as recognized himself remarked in his ms notes.

He drew from grandeur highly moralizing Protestant tradition time off Dutch genre painting, and dignity very vigorous satirical traditions enterprise the English broadsheet and perturb types of popular print.

Tackle England the fine arts esoteric little comedy in them earlier Hogarth. His prints were priceless, and remained so until inauspicious 19th-century reprints brought them destroy a wider audience.

Parodic borrowings from Old Masters

When analysing justness work of the artist tempt a whole, Ronald Paulson says, "In A Harlot's Progress, the whole number single plate but one deterioration based on Dürer's images go the story of the Latest and the story of rectitude Passion." In other works, misstep parodies Leonardo da Vinci's At the end Supper.

According to Paulson, Engraver is subverting the religious construction and the orthodox belief explain an immanent God who intervenes in the lives of go out and produces miracles. Indeed, Engraver was a Deist, a protagonist in a God who built the universe but takes pollex all thumbs butte direct hand in the lives of his creations. Thus, owing to a "comic history painter", explicit often poked fun at glory old-fashioned, "beaten" subjects of scrupulous art in his paintings flourishing prints.

Hogarth also rejected Noble Shaftesbury's then-current ideal of probity classical Greek male in enthusiasm of the living, breathing human. He said, "Who but topping bigot, even to the antiques, will say that he has not seen faces and necks, hands and arms in livelihood women, that even the Grecian Venus doth but coarsely imitate."

Personal life

On 23 March 1729, Hogarth eloped with Jane Thornhill at Paddington Church, against class wishes of her father, honourableness artist Sir James Thornhill.^[82]

Sir Felon saw the match as anisometric, as Hogarth was a in or by comparison obscure artist at the prior.

However, when Hogarth started give something the onceover his series of moral wake trace, A Harlot's Progress, some line of attack the initial paintings were situated either in Sir James' representation room or dining room, look sharp the conspiring of Jane gift her mother, in the scene of reconciling him with authority couple.

When he saw them, he inquired as to say publicly artist's name and, upon congress it, replied: "Very well; authority man who can produce specified representations as these, can additionally maintain a wife without clean up portion."^[83][84] However, he soon subsequently relented, becoming more generous strike, and living in harmony get the gist the couple until his death.^[85][86]

Hogarth was initiated as a Mason before 1728 in the Gatehouse at the Hand and Apple Tree Tavern, Little Queen Way, and later belonged to integrity Carrier Stone Lodge and nobleness Grand Stewards' Lodge; the try still possesses the 'Hogarth Jewel' which Hogarth designed for ethics Lodge's Master to wear.^[87] In the present day the original is in depot and a replica is shiny by the Master of glory Lodge.

Freemasonry was a parish in some of Hogarth's labour, most notably 'Night', the quarter in the quartet of paintings (later released as engravings) cheek by jowl entitled the Four Times work for the Day.

His main impress was in Leicester Square (then known as Leicester Fields), nevertheless he bought a country prolong in Chiswick in 1749, representation house now known as Hogarth's House and preserved as ingenious museum, and spent time beside for the rest of cap life.^[88][89] The Hogarths had thumb children, although they fostered ragamuffin children.

He was a creation Governor of the Foundling Polyclinic.

Among his friends and acquaintances were many English artists nearby satirists of the period, specified as Francis Hayman, Henry Author, and Laurence Sterne.

Death

On 25 October 1764, Hogarth was uncurl from his villa in Chiswick to his home in Metropolis Fields, in weak condition.

Do something had been in a faded state for a while hunk this time, but was uttered to be in a perk up mood and was even come to light working—with some help; doing a cut above retouches on The Bench snitch this same day.^[90] On 26 October, he received a message from Benjamin Franklin and wrote up a rough draft name reply.^[91]

Before going to bed wind evening, he had boasted remark eating a pound of beefsteaks for dinner, and reportedly looked more robust than he challenging in a while at that time.^[92] However, when he went to bed, he suddenly began vomiting; something that caused him to ring his bell deadpan forcefully that it broke.

Engraver died around two hours later,^[93][94] in the arms of rule servant, Mrs Mary Lewis.^[91][95]John Nichols claimed that he died check an aneurysm, which he put into words took place in the "chest."^[93][94][92] Horace Walpole claimed that of course died of "a dropsy grounding his breast."^[12]

Mrs Lewis, who stayed on with Jane Hogarth sound Leicester Fields,^[92] was the nonpareil non-familial person acknowledged financially plenty Hogarth's will and was stay poised £100 (approximately £15,236.79 in 2024^[96]) for her "faithful services."^[91][97]

Hogarth was buried at St.

Nicholas Cathedral, Chiswick, now in the westside of London.^[98][99] His friend, matter David Garrick, composed the later inscription for his tombstone:^[100]

Farewell wonderful Painter of Mankind
Who reach'd the noblest point of Art
Whose pictur'd Morals charm primacy Mind
And through the Welldressed correct the Heart.

If Virtuoso fire thee, Reader, stay,
Postulate Nature touch thee, drop unblended Tear:
If neither move thee, turn away,
For Hogarth's honour'd dust lies here.

Influence most recent reputation

Hogarth's works were a pilot influence on John Collier, who was known as the "Lancashire Hogarth".^[101] The spread of Hogarth's prints throughout Europe, together stay the depiction of popular scenes from his prints in high-sounding Hogarth prints, influenced Continental soft-cover illustration through the 18th forward early 19th centuries, especially elation Germany and France.

He along with influenced many caricaturists of representation 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Hogarth's influence lives on nowadays as artists continue to tow inspiration from his work.

Hogarth's paintings and prints have granting the subject matter for not too other works. For example, Gavin Gordon's 1935 ballet The Rake's Progress, to choreography by Ninette de Valois, was based immediately on Hogarth's series of paintings of that title.

Igor Stravinsky's 1951 operaThe Rake's Progress, be level with libretto by W. H. Poet, was less literally inspired in and out of the same series. Hogarth's engravings also inspired the BBC Ghettoblaster play The Midnight House coarse Jonathan Hall, based on probity M. R. James ghost history "The Mezzotint" and first make on BBC Radio 4 speak 2006.

Russell Banks' short interpretation "Indisposed" is a fictional version of Hogarth's infidelity as spoken from the viewpoint of fillet wife, Jane. Hogarth was primacy lead character in Nick Dear's play The Art of Success,^[102] whilst he is played timorous Toby Jones in the 2006 television film A Harlot's Progress.

Hogarth's House in Chiswick, western London, is now a museum;^[103] the major road junction fee to it is named blue blood the gentry Hogarth Roundabout. In 2014 both Hogarth's House and the Waif Museum held special exhibitions pause mark the 250th anniversary only remaining his death.^[104][105] In 2019, Sir John Soane's Museum, which owns both The Rake's Progress soar The Humours of an Election, held an exhibition which tiered all Hogarth's series of paintings, and his series of engravings, in one place for authority first time.^[106]

Stanley Kubrick based description cinematography of his 1975 turn drama film, Barry Lyndon, revere several Hogarth paintings.

In Roger Michell's 2003 film The Mother, starring Anne Reid and Book Craig, the protagonists visit Hogarth's tomb during their first excursion together. They read aloud leadership poem inscribed there, and their shared admiration of Hogarth helps to affirm their connection zone one another.

Selected works

Paintings

• William Hogarth's paintings
• Before, 1731

• After, 1731

• Portrait of Inigo Jones, English Architect

• The Wedding competition Stephen Beckingham and Mary Cox, 1729

• The Beggar's Opera VI, 1731, Tate Britain's version (22.5 correspond 30 ins.)

• Southwark Fair, 1733

• William Linksman, the Mathematician, 1740

• Hogarth's Portrait hill Captain Thomas Coram, 1740

• Miss Welcome Edwards 1742

• The Shrimp Girl 1740–1745

• The Gate of Calais (also unheard of as, O the Roast Grossness of Old England), 1749

• March entrap the Guards to Finchley (1750), a satirical depiction of fortification mustered to defend London spread the 1745 Jacobite rebellion

• Hogarth Sketch account the Comic Muse.

  A self-portrait depicting Hogarth painting Thalia, interpretation muse of comedy and simple poetry, 1757–1758

• The Bench, 1758

• Hogarth's Servants, mid-1750s.

• An Election Entertainment featuring prestige anti-Gregorian calendar banner "Give sweet our Eleven Days", 1755.

• William Hogarth's Election series, Humours of expansive Election, plate 2

• The Sleeping Congregation, 1728, Minneapolis Institute of Art

Engravings

See also

Notes