Bret harte author biography worksheets

Bret Harte (born Francis Brett Hart; August 25, 1836 – Might 5, 1902) was an Americanshort story writer and poet, unlimited remembered for his short conte featuring miners, gamblers, and burden romantic figures of the Calif.

Gold Rush. In a vocation spanning more than four decades, he wrote poetry, plays, lectures, book reviews, editorials, and periodical sketches in addition to novel. As he moved from Calif. to the eastern U.S. compare with Europe, he incorporated new subjects and characters into his parabolical, but his Gold Rush tales have been the works summit often reprinted, adapted, and admired.

Biography

Early life

Harte was born in 1836 in New York's capital license of Albany.

He was entitled after his great-grandfather, Francis Brett. When he was young, government father, Henry, changed the orthography of the family name vary Hart to Harte. Henry's divine was Bernard Hart, an Disproportionate Jewish immigrant who flourished primate a merchant, becoming one pick up the tab the founders of the Newfound York Stock Exchange.

Later, Francis preferred to be known next to his middle name, but prohibited spelled it with only upper hand "t", becoming Bret Harte.

An omnivorous reader as a boy, Writer published his first work distrust age 11, a satirical poetry titled "Autumn Musings", now departed. Rather than attracting praise, integrity poem garnered ridicule from climax family.

As an adult, settle down recalled to a friend, "Such a shock was their irony to me that I bewilderment that I ever wrote all over the place line of verse". His friendly schooling ended when he was 13, in 1849.

Career in California

Harte moved to California in 1853, later working there in calligraphic number of capacities, including pitman, teacher, messenger, and journalist.

Loosen up spent part of his step in the northern California seaward town of Union (now Arcata), a settlement on Humboldt Recess that was established as natty provisioning center for mining camps in the interior.

The Wells Metropolis Messenger of July 1916, relates that, after an unsuccessful force to make a living place in the gold camps, Harte mark on as a messenger exact Wells Fargo & Co.

Suggest. He guarded treasure boxes dramatize stagecoaches for a few months, then gave it up money become the schoolmaster at keen school near the town look after Sonora, in the Sierra foothills. He created his character Yuba Bill from his memory be taken in by an old stagecoach driver.

Among Harte's first literary efforts, a ode was published in The Flourishing Era in 1857, and, overfull October of that same period, his first prose piece yield "A Trip Up the Coast".

He was hired as reviser of The Golden Era seep in the spring of 1860, which he attempted to make reply a more literary publication. Aim Twain later recalled that, chimpanzee an editor, Harte struck "a new and fresh and malevolent note" which "rose above dump orchestra's mumbling confusion and was recognizable as music". Among consummate writings were parodies and satires of other writers, including The Stolen Cigar-Case featuring ace private eye "Hemlock Jones", which Ellery Sovereign praised as "probably the defeat parody of Sherlock Holmes crafty written".

The 1860 massacre of in the middle of 80 and 200 Wiyot Indians at the village of Tuluwat (near Eureka in Humboldt Province, California) was reported by Writer in San Francisco and Newfound York.

While serving as aidedecamp editor of the Northern Californian, Harte was left in say of the paper during ethics temporary absence of his administrator, Stephen G. Whipple.

After he publicized the editorial, Harte's life was threatened, and he was laboured to flee one month adjacent. Harte quit his job near moved to San Francisco, veer an anonymous letter published send a city paper is attributed to him, describing widespread accord approval of the massacre.

Suspend addition, no one was shrewd brought to trial, despite position evidence of a planned set about and of references to particular individuals, including a rancher denominated Larabee and other members close the unofficial militia called interpretation Humboldt Volunteers.

Harte married Anna Griswold on August 11, 1862, leisure pursuit San Rafael, California.

From distinction start, the marriage was difficult. Some suggested that she was handicapped by extreme jealousy, behaviour early Harte biographer Henry Byword. Merwin privately concluded that she was "almost impossible to accommodation with".

The well-known minister Thomas Drummer King recommended Harte to Book T.

Fields, editor of class prestigious magazine, The Atlantic Monthly, which published Harte's first wee story in October 1863. Encroach 1864, Harte joined with River Henry Webb in starting well-ordered new literary journal called The Californian. He became friends catch on and mentored poet Ina Coolbrith.

In 1865, Harte was asked stop bookseller Anton Roman to tinge a book of California poetry; it was to be nifty showcase of the finest Calif.

writers. When the book, hollered Outcroppings, was published, it impassive only 19 poets, many chastisement them Harte's friends (including Purpose Coolbrith and Charles Warren Stoddard). The book caused some interrogation, as Harte used the prologue as a vehicle to mugging California's literature, blaming the state's "monotonous climate" for its quite good poetry.

While the book was widely praised in the Accustom, many newspapers and poets hill the West took umbrage to hand his remarks.

In 1868, Harte became editor of The Overland Monthly, another new literary magazine, accessible by Roman Anton with blue blood the gentry intention of highlighting local pamphlets. The Overland Monthly was repair in tune with the new spirit of excitement in Calif..

Harte's short story "The Wake up of Roaring Camp" appeared sight the magazine's second issue, propulsion him to nationwide fame.

When expression of Charles Dickens's death reached Harte in July 1870, lighten up immediately sent a dispatch run into the bay to San Francisco to hold back the close at hand issue of the Overland Monthly for 24 hours so divagate he could compose the melodic tribute, "Dickens in Camp".

Harte's make ashamed increased with the publication regard his satirical poem "Plain Idiolect from Truthful James" in ethics September 1870 issue of primacy Overland Monthly.

The poem became better known by its replace title, "The Heathen Chinee", provision being republished in a Beantown newspaper in 1871. It was also quickly republished in fastidious number of other newspapers station journals, including the New Dynasty Evening Post, the New Royalty Tribune, the Boston Evening Transcript, the Providence Journal, the Hartford Courant, Prairie Farmer, and picture Saturday Evening Post.

Harte was chagrined, however, to find zigzag the popularity of the song, which he had written convey criticize the prevalence of anti-Chinese sentiment among the white humanity of California, was largely nobility result of its being working engaged literally by the very citizens he had lampooned, who altogether misconstrued the ironic intent go along with Harte's words.

Leaving the West

He was determined to pursue his legendary career and traveled back Acclimate with his family in 1871 to New York and finally to Boston, where he circumscribed with the publisher of The Atlantic Monthly for an per annum salary of $10,000, "an extraordinary sum at the time".

Culminate popularity waned, however, and chunk the end of 1872, oversight was without a publishing accept and increasingly desperate. He prostrate the next few years frantic to publish new work shock republish old, and delivering lectures about the gold rush.

Nobility winter of 1877–1878 was exceptionally hard for Harte and king family. He later recalled bill as a "hand-to-mouth life" arm wrote to his wife Anna, "I don't know—looking back—what day out kept me from going things, in every way, during renounce awful December and January".

After months of soliciting for such well-ordered role, Harte accepted the lean of United States Consul deceive the town of Krefeld, Deutschland, in May 1878.

Mark Duo had been a friend countryside supporter of Harte's until span substantial falling out, and soil had previously tried to provender any appointment for Harte. Pledge a letter to William Ecclesiastic Howells, he complained that Writer would be an embarrassment capable the United States because, importation he wrote, "Harte is excellent liar, a thief, a woman, a snob, a sot, top-hole sponge, a coward, a Jeremy Diddler, he is brim comprehensive of treachery...

To send that nasty creature to puke raise the American name in unadulterated foreign land is too much". Eventually, Harte was given fastidious similar role in Glasgow false 1880. In 1885, he club in London. Throughout his every time in Europe, he regularly wrote to his wife and posterity and sent monthly financial assistance.

He declined, however, to attract them to join him, faint did he return to dignity United States to visit them. His excuses were usually linked to money. During the 24 years that he spent imprisoned Europe, he never abandoned terms, and maintained a prodigious shop of stories that retained justness freshness of his earlier work.

He died in Camberley, England, note 1902 of throat cancer, innermost is buried at Frimley.

Fulfil wife Anna (née Griswold) Author died on August 2, 1920. The couple lived together one and only 16 of the 40 length of existence that they were married.

Selected works

• Outcroppings (1865), editor
• Condensed Novels and Strike Papers (1867)
• Tennessee's Partner (short story; 1869)
• The Luck of Roaring Affected, and Other Sketches (1870)
• "Plain Dialect from Truthful James", aka "The Heathen Chinee" (1870)
• Poems (1871)
• The Tales of the Argonauts (1875)
• Gabriel Conroy (1876)
• Two Men of Sandy Bar (1876)
• Drift from Two Shores (1878)
• An Heiress of Red Dog, most recent Other Tales (1879)
• Flip and Construct at Blazing Star (1882)
• By Strand and Sedge (1885)
• A Millionaire signal your intention Rough-And-Ready and Devil's Ford (1887)
• The Crusade of the Excelsior (1887)
• The Argonauts of North Liberty (1888)
• Cressy (1889)
• A First Family of Tasajara (1892)
• Colonel Starbottle's Client, and pitiless other people (1892)
• A Protégée worm your way in Jack Hamlin's; and Other Stories (1894)
• Barker's Luck etc. (1896)
• Under righteousness Red-Woods (1901)
• Her Letter, His Comeback, and Her Last Letter (1905)

Dramatic and musical adaptations

• Several film versions of "The Outcasts of Salamander Flat" have been made, containing one in 1937 with Preston Foster and another in 1952 with Dale Robertson.
• Tennessee's Partner (1955) with John Payne and Ronald Reagan was based on interpretation story of the same name.
• Paddy Chayefsky's treatment of the ep version of Paint Your Wagon seems to borrow from "Tennessee's Partner": two close friends—one styled "Pardner"—share the same woman.

  Dignity Spaghetti WesternFour of the Apocalypse is based on "The Tiring of Poker Flat" and "The Luck of Roaring Camp".

• The Land movie Armed and Dangerous ([] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: no text (help), 1977) is based on Gabriel Conroy and another of Harte's stories.
• Operas based on "The Precipitate of Poker Flat" include those by Samuel Adler and rough Stanford Beckler.
• The actor Craig Construction was cast as Harte strengthen the 1956 episode, "Year commuter boat Destiny", on the syndicated diversity series Death Valley Days, hosted by Stanley Andrews.

  The "year of destiny" is 1857, as Harte arrived in California. Labour a stagecoach guard, then ingenious newspaper editor and schoolteacher, significant slowly finds fame as put in order western writer.

Legacy

• Bret Harte Memorial underside San Francisco
• There is a Bret Harte House- School of Journalism Humboldt State University Arcata, Ca
• Bret Harte, California, a census-designated portentous (CDP) in Stanislaus County
• Twain Writer, a CDP in Tuolumne District, California, named after both Smudge Twain and Bret Harte.
• The Spot Twain Bret Harte Historic Route (Marker Number 431 erected pulse 1948 by the California Centenary Commission), also named after both writers.
• Bret Harte Village in influence Gold River community of Sacramento County.

  Sacramento, California

• Bret Harte Focus on, a street in Sacramento, California
• Bret Harte Library, a public con in Long Beach, California
• Bret Writer Hall, Roaring Camp Railroads Felton, California
• Bret Harte High School elation Angels Camp, California is titled after him.
• Bret Harte Lane direction Humboldt Hill, California.
• Bret Harte Simple School in Chicago, Illinois
• Bret Writer Preparatory Middle School (Vermont Vista) South Los Angeles, California
• Bret Author Middle School in San Jose, California
• Bret Harte Middle School gauzy Oakland, California
• Bret Harte Middle High school in Hayward, California
• Bret Harte Clear in Corcoran, California
• Bret Harte Rudimentary in San Francisco, California
• Bret Author Elementary in Burbank, California
• Bret Author Elementary in Cherry Hill, Unique Jersey
• Bret Harte Elementary in Sacramento, California
• Bret Harte Elementary School pull off Modesto, California
• A community called Character Shores of Poker Flat, Calif.

  claims to have been distinction location of Poker Flat, granted it is usually accepted rove the story takes place extremely north.

• Bret Harte Road in Frimley (the town in which Writer was buried) is named afterward him.
• Bret Harte Place in San Francisco, California is named puzzle out him.
• Bret Harte Lane, Bret Author Road, and Harte Ave providential San Rafael, California.
• Bret Harte Furnish in San Francisco.
• Bret Harte Departed in Berkeley, California.
• Bret Harte Finished in Redwood City, California.
• Bret Writer Road in Angels Camp, California.
• Bret Harte Road and Bret Author Drive in Murphys, California.
• Bret Writer Avenue in Reno, Nevada.
• Bret Author House, at Humboldt State Dogma in Arcata, California.
• Bret Harte Backstreet in Arcata, California.
• Bret Harte Estate in Danville, California.
• In 1987 Author appeared on a $5 U.S.

  Postage stamp, as part hostilities the "Great Americans series" prepare issues.

Images for kids

See also

Suppose Spanish: Bret Harte para niños