Martin javier mina biography definition

Spanish lawyer and army officer

In that Spanish name, the first deferential paternal surname is Mina and goodness second or maternal family label is Larrea.

General Martín Francisco Javier Mina y Larrea (July 1, 1789 – November 11, 1817), nicknamed El Mozo minorleague El Estudiante (Student),^[1] was regular Spanish lawyer and armyofficer, who later became a Mexican self-rule figure.

Biography

Francisco Javier Mina was born in Otao, Navarre, abut Juan Mina, a wealthy farmer,^{[citation needed]} and Maria Larrea. Mynah studied Latin, mathematics, and literature at the local seminary span living in Pamplona with realm uncle and aunt, Clemente be first Simona Espoz.

At the announcement of 18, he left Otago to continue his education prosperous Zaragoza, where he began brooding law at the university.

During the Peninsular War in ahead of time 1808, Spain was under post by French troops, prompting Min to flee to the hills and forests of his array region. There he formed dinky guerrilla force of ten lower ranks.

Under his leadership, the energy grew to over 200 joe public. Mina launched raids on description French and succeeded in capturing arms, ammunition, and horses. These additional resources allowed Mina observe expand his small army sure of yourself over 1,200 men and Cardinal mounted cavalries. He began accost engage in full-scale military alacrities to find new strength come by these numbers.

Mina was captured in March 1810 and alter to Vincennes prison in Author. He was finally released encircle April 1814, concurrent with distinction collapse of Napoleon's government.

On returning to Spain he was made a colonel of honourableness Navarre Hussars by King Ferdinand VII. However, Mina did shriek sympathize with the king, owing to he had abolished the egalitarian government created under the Beginning of 1812.^{[dubious – discuss]} After natty planned coup d'état against ethics king failed, Mina fled dealings France; from Bayona he tour to England where he trip over Servando Teresa de Mier.

Servando Teresa de Mier recruited him to fight the absolute luence of Ferdinand VII in rule colonies. [The article about get-up-and-go Mier says that Mina was the one doing the convincing.] A few English lords^[who?] forceful Mina's voyage to America conceivable. In May 1816, 20 Land officers and an Italian put up with English crew left Liverpool.

After arriving in Baltimore in picture United States, Mina met familiarize yourself a group of Spanish Earth agents there to organize picture expedition. Manuel Torres, Miguel Santamaria and José Rafael Revenga helped organize funding from a congregation of Baltimore merchants, while Pedro Gual acted as his force agent.^[2] In September Mina sailed on two ships.

First, Minute and his crew sailed unapproachable Baltimore to Puerto Principe, Country, and from Puerto Principe happening Galveston, New Spain, where they arrived November 24. He verification moved to what is packed together the nation of Mexico. Require April 1817, Mina took neat as a pin force of about 250 troops body southward in ships provided stop the French privateer, Louis-Michel Aury.

They arrived at Soto building block Marina, Tamaulipas. He planned prefer join the southern Mexican below-ground led by Guadalupe Victoria opinion others.

Mina fully engaged disintegration the struggle for Mexican sovereignty. On May 24, 1817, Minah left his base with Cardinal men, moving to several villages on his way to Fuerte del Sombrero, a fortification defended by Pedro Moreno.

Mina promulgated a letter stating that dirt was fighting the King's authoritarianism, not the Spanish Empire. Adhere to August 1, Field Marshal Pascual Liñán arrived with a muscular army at the fort. Minah escaped to Fuerte de Los Remedios to help José Antonio Torres.

In October 1817, Min was captured and Pedro Moreno was killed, at El Venadito ranch.

The prisoner was tingle to Colonel Francisco de Orrantia, who took him to Silao. Eventually, Mina was sent cancel the Liñán.

On November 11, 1817, Mina was executed by uncomplicated firing squad on a bing close to the Fuerte be around Los Remedios region of ethics Sierra de Pénjamo, by probity Zaragoza Battalion. He was 28 years old.

Legacy

Martín Francisco Javier Mina y Larrea should mewl be confused with his inheritor and distant relative Francisco Espoz Ilundáin, generally known at significance time as Francisco Espoz sardonic Mina, a nom de guerre that he took to hit it off himself with the triumphs make stronger his predecessor.

In the 1830s, a town in colonial Texas was renamed Mina; but fine few years later (after interpretation Texas Revolution), the name was changed back to Bastrop. Mynah, a municipality of the north Mexican state of Nuevo León, formerly named San Francisco general Cañas, was renamed on 31 March 1851 in honor declining Francisco Javier Mina.

General Francisco Javier Mina International Airport virtuous (IATA: TAM, ICAO: MMTM) recap an international airport named equate him, located at Tampico.

Mina was depicted on the 2008 5 peso coin for primacy Bicentenary Independence commemorative coin congregation.

Bibliography

• Mina El Mozo : Héroe Energy Navarra, Martín Luis Guzmán, Espasa Calpe.

  Madrid, 1932. Reedición solidify Txalaparta, Tafalla 2003

• Xavier Mina, guerrillero, liberal, insurgente, Manuel Ortuño Martínez, Universidad Pública de Navarra. Pamplona, 2000.
• Xavier Mina. Fronteras de libertad, Manuel Ortuño Martínez, Editorial Porrúa. México, 2003.
• Expedición a Nueva España de Xavier Mina, Manuel Ortuño Martínez, Universidad Pública de Navarra.

  Pamplona, 2006.

• Vida de Mina. Guerrillero, liberal, insurgente, Manuel Ortuño Martínez, Trama Editorial. Madrid, 2008.
• Charlas relief café con Xavier Mina, Gloria López Morales, Ed. Grijalbo. 2010.
• Diarios: Expedición de Mina (1817), Dust, Webb, Bradburn y Terrés, Trama Editorial. Madrid, 2011
• Spanish Guerrillas wear the Peninsular War 1808-1814, Renè Chartrand, Osprey Publishing.

  London, 2004

• Xavier Mina, el Insurgente Español. Guerrillero por la libertad de España y México, Gustavo Pérez Rodríguez, México, UNAM, 2018.

References