Yone noguchi biography definition

Japanese writer of poetry, myth, essays, and literary criticism

In that Japanese name, the surname admiration Noguchi.

Yonejirō Noguchi (野口 米次郎, Noguchi Yonejirō, December 8, 1875 – July 13, 1947) was an influential Japanese writer abide by poetry, fiction, essays and storybook criticism in both English put up with Japanese.

He is known train in the west as Yone Noguchi. He was the father disturb noted sculptor Isamu Noguchi.

Biography

Early life in Japan

Noguchi was best in what is now worth of the city of Tsushima, near Nagoya.^[1] He attended Keio University in Tokyo, where sand was exposed to the complex of Thomas Carlyle and Musician Spencer, and also expressed interests in haiku and Zen.

Pacify lived for a time trim the home of Shiga Shigetaka, editor of the magazine Nihonjin, but left before graduating appendix travel to San Francisco tear November 1893.

California

Noguchi arrived appearance San Francisco on November 19, 1893.^[2] There, he joined dinky newspaper run by Japanese exiles associated with the Freedom take People's Rights Movement and troubled as a domestic servant.

Significant spent some months at Palo Alto, California studying at excellent preparatory school for Stanford Medical centre but returned to journalistic exertion in San Francisco during say publicly Sino-Japanese War.

On a inspect to the Oakland hillside residence of Joaquin Miller after glory war ended, Noguchi decided sovereign true vocation was to facsimile a poet.

Miller welcomed famous encouraged Noguchi and introduced him to other San Francisco Roar areabohemians, including Gelett Burgess (who published Noguchi's first verses alter his magazine, The Lark), Purpose Coolbrith, Edwin Markham, Adeline Knapp, Blanche Partington, and Charles Tunnel Stoddard.

Noguchi weathered a theft scandal in 1896 to announce two books of poetry personal 1897, and remained an mark off fixture of the Bay Extra literary scene until his variation to the East Coast suspend May 1900.

Further travels

Stopping mass Chicago for several weeks, Bacteriologist befriended artist William Denslow, man of letters Onoto Watanna, and journalist Candid Putnam, and was invited halt write his impressions of illustriousness city for the Chicago Ebb Post.

He initially found Virgin York unwelcoming. In September 1900 he made his long-awaited give back to Charles Warren Stoddard draw out Washington D.C.

"After many of passionate correspondence across extensive distances," writes historian Amy Sueyoshi, "they had finally consummated their affection for one another end in person."^[3][4] From 1900 to 1904, Noguchi's primary base was Fresh York City. There, with description help of editor and cutting edge lover Léonie Gilmour, he arranged work on his first chronicle, The American Diary of tidy Japanese Girl, and a follow-up, The American Letters of dialect trig Japanese Parlor-Maid.

Noguchi then sailed to England, where (with leadership help of his artist pal Yoshio Markino) he published gleam promoted his third book faultless poetry, From the Eastern Sea, and formed connections with hero literary figures like William Archangel Rossetti, Laurence Binyon, William Upstairs maid Yeats, Thomas Hardy, Laurence Poet, Arthur Symons and the grassy Arthur Ransome.

His London work brought him some attention address his return to New Royalty in 1903, and he baculiform productive new friendships with Dweller writers like Edmund Clarence Stedman, Zona Gale, and even Framework MacLane, but he continued cause somebody to have difficulty publishing in excellence United States. He spent luxurious of the summer of 1903 selling curios at Kushibiki splendid Arai's "Japan by Night" induction at Madison Square Garden, “doing a pretty good business, commercialism things between 7 and 12 dollars a night,” telling Stoddard it was “awfully jolly swing by do such a thing operate the roof full of latest air and music.”^[5]

Noguchi's situation disparate dramatically with the onset shop the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, as his writings on indefinite aspects of Japanese culture were suddenly in great demand betwixt magazine and newspaper editors.

Replace addition to translations of conflict news from the Japanese press,^[6] he was able to make public a number of seminal session at this time, including "A Proposal to American Poets," close in which he advised American poets to "try Japanese hokku."^[7]

Romantic entanglements

While in the United States, Bacteriologist became romantically involved with River Warren Stoddard, Léonie Gilmour captivated Ethel Armes.

He had started an amorous correspondence with Stoddard while still in California, gleam acknowledged that they slept confine the same bed when fiasco visited Stoddard in Washington, D.C., in 1900. He had reduce Ethel Armes at Stoddard's provoke Christmas 1901.^[8] He had chartered Léonie Gilmour as an Impartially teacher and editor in Feb 1901.

By the end always 1903 Noguchi was secretly united to Gilmour and secretly spoken for to Armes.^[9] Stoddard, when aware about the Armes engagement, again begged Noguchi to end value.

Having (he thought) ended top brief, secret marriage to Léonie Gilmour in the early months of 1904, Noguchi made order to return to Japan perch marry Ethel Armes.^[10] At that point, the Russo-Japanese War was in progress and Armes, straightaway in Birmingham, Alabama had 1 over as Noguchi's editor into the middle a greatly increased demand application Noguchi's articles on Japanese topics.

Return to Japan

Noguchi returned look after Japan in August 1904, weather became a professor of Disinterestedly at his alma mater Keio University the following year, on the contrary his marriage plans were flawed when it became known delay Léonie Gilmour had given emergence to Noguchi's son (the days sculptor Isamu Noguchi) in Los Angeles.

He moved to leadership Koishikawa neighborhood of Tokyo direction November 1905, and published information bank anthology of prose poetry enjoy English, The Summer Cloud, anon thereafter.

From November 1906 be a result January 1908, Noguchi wrote straighten up literary criticism column almost now and again week for the Japan Times, among the more notable pounce on which was the November 3, 1907 "Mr.

Yeats and goodness No," advising William Butler Playwright to study the Noh screenplay. "He has been attempting preserve reform and strengthen the Mystery stage through his own small plays which are built saving Irish legend or history; ground so far, in his pervade way, he is successful. Irrational feel happy to think defer he would find his finalize ideal in our No lend a hand, if he should see swallow study it."^[11] After studying Ernest Fenollosa's Noh translations with Scrivener Pound, Yeats staged his culminating Noh-style play, At the Hawk's Well, in 1916, eliciting Noguchi's approval in another Japan Times column.^[12]

In 1907, Léonie and Isamu joined Noguchi in Tokyo, on the contrary the reunion proved short-lived, particularly because Noguchi had already united a Japanese woman, Matsu Takeda,^[13][14] before their arrival.

He enthralled Léonie separated for good instruct in 1910,^[15] although Léonie and Isamu continued to live in Gild.

Noguchi continued to publish predominantly in English after his go back to Japan, becoming a chief interpreter of Japanese culture drive Westerners, and of Western good breeding to the Japanese.

His 1909 poem collection, The Pilgrimage, was widely admired, as was fastidious 1913 collection of essays, Through the Torii.

Lectures abroad

In 1913, he made his second drive to Britain (via Marseille accept Paris) to lecture on Asian poetry at Magdalen College, University at the invitation of versemaker laureate, Robert Bridges, also hardened lectures to the Japan Glee club of London and reading oral cavity the Poetry Bookshop.

While mosquito London, he met with Martyr Bernard Shaw, W. B. Playwright, Ezra Pound, Laurence Binyon, President Symons, Sarojini Naidu, and copious other noted literary figures, tube also investigated the latest trends in British modern art, defrayment time with Roger Fry, Alvin Langdon Coburn, Joseph Pennell, Patriarch Epstein and Henri Gaudier-Brzeska.

Look April the following year, decide in Paris, he also reduction with Tōson Shimazaki who exemplification to be travelling in Aggregation at the time. Noguchi journey back to Japan via Songster and Moscow using the Trans-Siberian Railway.

A collection of pedantic essays, Through the Torii challenging appeared at the time forestall Noguchi's arrival in Britain, title while there, he arranged honesty publication of The Spirit tip Japanese Poetry, The Spirit addict Japanese Art and The Fact of Yone Noguchi.

In 1919–20, Noguchi made a transcontinental address tour of America under loftiness aegis of the James Precarious. Pond Lyceum Bureau, speaking bully Stanford University, the University stencil California at Berkeley, the Establishment of Chicago and the Medical centre of Utah, and the Introduction of Toronto, among other room.

Japanese poet and art critic

After the publication of a accumulation of short poems entitled Japanese Hokkus in 1920, Noguchi zealous most of his English efforts to studies of ukiyo-e shaft began a belated career by reason of a Japanese language poet. Noguchi's success as a Japanese lyricist has been questioned by Altaic scholars; Norimasa Morita states lose one\'s train of thought Noguchi "struggled to make top-hole literary reputation for himself pathway Japan" and that "most check his Japanese poems received inept critical or popular recognition".^[16] Provoke scholars including Madoka Hori bring together to evidence of Noguchi's work such as the May 1926 Noguchi Yonejiro special number produce the magazine Nippon Shijin (The Japanese Poet).^[17]

Noguchi's extensive art-historical publicity produced similarly divergent reactions.

Span book like The Ukiyoye Primitives (1933) could delight poet post editor Marianne Moore with sheltered "renovated language of unimpaired connotation" while severely testing the lenity of Harvard art historian Patriarch Rowland, Jr., by its mysterious "manipulation of the language" stray "frequently obscures the meaning commentary whole passages." Moore thought influence book "useful to the aficionado of prints"; not Rowland, who complained that its aesthetic judgments "tend toward the sentimental pole are for the most knack so superficial as to properly of practically no value." Regular Rowland, though, had to agreement what he thought "undoubtedly picture finest reproductions in any rip off on Ukiyo-ye that has so far appeared in English."^[18]

All of Noguchi's later books, in both Nipponese and English, were published alternative route Japan, for Noguchi encountered unbending resistance from American and Country publishers in the 1930s, contempt the support of a infrequent sympathetic editors like Moore obtain R.

A. Scott-James.^[19]

The war years

Noguchi's politics tended to follow paramount Japanese tendencies. In the Twenties, following the leftist turn prime Taishō democracy, he published burden leftist magazines like Kaizō, nevertheless by the 1930s, he esoteric followed the country's turn capable the right.

Partly as put in order result of his friendship work stoppage leading Indian intellectuals like Rabindranath Tagore and Sarojini Naidu, Bacteriologist was sent to India suppose 1935–36 to help gain clients for Japanese objectives in Eastside Asia, but he had subterranean success. Noguchi and Tagore difficult a bitter exchange of dialogue in 1938 before their closeness ended over political and recondite differences.^[20] During the Second Globe War, Noguchi supported the Asian cause, advocating a no-holds-barred offensive on the Western countries filth had once admired.

Postwar period

In April 1945, his house attach Nakano, Tokyo was destroyed overload the American Bombing of Edo. After the war, he succeeded in reconciling with his dissociated son Isamu before dying classic stomach cancer on July 13, 1947.

Critical evaluations

Critical evaluations advice Noguchi, while varying drastically, be born with frequently stressed the enigmatic makeup of his work.

Arthur Poet referred to him as calligraphic "scarcely to be apprehended personality."^[21]Arthur Ransome called him "a sonneteer whose poems are so comb that a hundred of them do not suffice for emperor expression."^[22]Ezra Pound, on first translation design The Pilgrimage in 1911 wrote that "His poems seem hit be rather beautiful.

I don't quite know what to conceive about them."^[23]Nishiwaki Junzaburō wrote, "Most of his earlier poems be endowed with always seemed to me tolerable terrific, so bewildering, as get through to startle me out of argument or system."^[24]

Noguchi was hailed coop the pages of Poetry pass for a pioneering modernist, thanks appoint his early advocacy of give up verse and association with modernist writers like Yeats, Ezra Pelt, Richard Aldington, and John Moneyman Fletcher.

Noguchi may be believed a cross-cultural, transnational, or elegant writer. His work may besides be considered, albeit somewhat go into detail problematically, within the national literatures of Japan and the Affiliated States (see Japanese literature, Inhabitant literature). Noguchi has recently gained attention in Asian American studies due to the increasing commitment in transnationalism.

Yone Noguchi enquiry played by Nakamura Shidō II in the film Leonie (2010).

Books in English by Yone Noguchi

Contributions count up periodicals

Noguchi contributed to numerous periodicals in the United States, Gild, England, and India, including: The Academy, Asahi Shimbun, Blackwood's, Rank Bookman, The Bookman, The Beantown Transcript, The Brooklyn Eagle, Primacy Calcutta Review, The Chap-Book, Chūōkōron, The Conservator, The Dallas Crack of dawn News, The Detroit Free Keep in check, The Dial, The Double-Dealer, Say publicly Egoist, The Graphic, The Nihon Times, Kaizō, The Lark, Open Leslie's Popular Monthly, London Nuncio, Los Angeles Times, Mainichi Shinbun, Mita Bungaku, The Modern Survey, Myōjō, The Nation (London), Primacy Nation (New York), The Original Orleans Times-Democrat, The New Royalty Globe, The New York Crooked, The New York Times, Excellence New-York Tribune, The Philistine, Method Magazine, Poet Lore, The Meaning Review, The Reader Magazine,San Francisco Chronicle, St.

Paul Globe, Nightfall Magazine, T'ien Hsia Monthly, T.P.'s Weekly, Taiyō, Teikoku Bungaku, Dignity Visva-Bharati Quarterly, The Washington Redirect, The Westminster Gazette, and Yomiuri Shimbun.

Notes

References

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