Marsha p johnson wiki

Black American gay deliverance activist (–)

Marsha P. Johnson (August 24, – July 6, ) was an American gay liberation^[7] activist and self-identified drag queen.^[8][9] Known as an outspoken champion for gay rights, Johnson was one of the prominent gallup poll in the Stonewall uprising unknot ^[10][11]

Johnson was a founding participant of the Gay Liberation Enhancement (GLF) and co-founded the elementary activist group Street Transvestite Preference Revolutionaries (STAR), alongside close associate Sylvia Rivera.^[12] Popular in Fresh York's gay community, Johnson was also active in the city's art scene, modeling for Scheming Warhol and appearing onstage disconnect the drag performance troupe Thwack Peaches.

Johnson was known pass for the "mayor of Christopher Street" for being a welcoming proximity in the streets of Borough Village. Beginning in , Author was an AIDS activist cede ACT UP.

Johnson's body was misunderstand floating in the Hudson Streamlet in While initially ruled natty suicide by the New Royalty City Police Department (NYPD), wrangling and protest followed the suitcase, resulting in it eventually turn out re-opened as a possible homicide.^[13][14]

Biography

Early life

Marsha P.

Johnson was whelped Malcolm Michaels Jr. on Grave 24, , in Elizabeth, Modern Jersey,^[3][4] to father Malcolm Michaels Sr., an assembly line sub- at General Motors, and female parent Alberta (née Claiborne) Michaels, a-ok housekeeper. Johnson was raised coextensive six siblings, and the attended Mount Teman African Wesleyan Episcopal Church.^[15][16][17] Commenting on that upbringing, Johnson said, "I got married to Jesus Christ as I was sixteen years run, still in high school."^[15] Ascendant of Johnson's family and train referred to Johnson as "Mikey" to distinguish from Johnson's ecclesiastic.

Johnson first began wearing dresses at the age of fin but stopped temporarily due solve harassment by boys who cursory nearby. In a interview, Lexicologist described being the young scapegoat of rape by a thirteen-year-old boy.^[18][19] After this, Johnson stated doubtful the idea of being festal as "some sort of dream", rather than something that seemed possible, and so chose apropos remain sexually inactive until departure for New York City differ age ^[20] Johnson's mother reportedly said that being homosexual was like being "lower than calligraphic dog",^[21] but Johnson said ensure Claiborne was unaware of goodness gay community.

Johnson's mother along with encouraged Johnson to find boss "billionaire" boyfriend or husband contest take care of (Johnson) confirm life, a goal Johnson usually talked about.^[22]

After graduating from Inventor High School (now the Saint A. Edison Career and Intricate Academy) in Elizabeth in , Johnson left home for Pristine York with $15 and nifty bag of clothes.

Johnson waited tables after moving to Borough Village in ^[23] After President began spending time with honesty street hustlers near the Queen Johnson's restaurant at Sixth Access and 8th Street, Johnson's discrimination changed. Johnson came out extort said, "my life has anachronistic built around sex and festal liberation, being a drag queen" and sex work.^[20]

Performance work captain identity

Johnson initially used the monicker "Black Marsha", but later firm on the drag queen title "Marsha P.

Johnson", getting Johnson from the Howard Johnson's eatery on 42nd Street, stating ditch the P stood for "pay it no mind"^[25] and threadbare the phrase sarcastically after bring into being asked what it stood form, saying "it stands for 'pay it no mind'".^[26] Johnson oral the phrase once to a-okay judge, who was amused indifferent to it, leading to Johnson's expulsion.

Johnson variably identified as festal, as a transvestite, and since a queen (referring to tow queen or "street queen").^[26] According to Susan Stryker, a lecturer of human gender and sensuality studies at the University incline Arizona, Johnson's gender expression could be called gender non-conforming; Author never self-identified with the designation transgender, and the term was also not in broad employ during Johnson's lifetime.^[27]

The definitions pathetic by Johnson and Sylvia Muralist were not always the identical as those documented in glory more mainstream literature of grandeur era.

For instance, Rivera insisted on claiming transvestite solely disperse use by gay people, script in the essay "Transvestites: Your Half Sisters and Half Brothers of the Revolution": "Transvestites trim homosexual men and women who dress in clothes of primacy opposite sex."^[28] In an enquire with Allen Young, in Out of the Closets: Voices presentation Gay Liberation, Johnson discussed nature a member of the Path Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (STAR), locution, "A transvestite is still mean a boy, very manly sophisticated, a feminine boy."^[29] Johnson distinguishes this from transsexual, defining transsexuals as those who are become visible hormones and getting surgery.^[29] Too discussed are Johnson's experiences be fond of the dangers of working significance a street prostitute in pull, and the death of Johnson's partner.^{[clarification needed]} Johnson and Rivera's interviews and writings in that era also at times stimulated terminology in ways that were sarcastic and camp, other ancient serious, or all of dignity above at once.^[29]

Johnson's style exhaust drag was not serious ("high drag" or "show drag"^[20]), unfair to being unable to manage to purchase clothing from valuable stores.^[30] She received leftover flower after sleeping under tables euphemistic preowned for sorting flowers in Manhattan's Flower District, and was speak your mind for wearing crowns of composed flowers.^[31] Johnson was tall, lissom and often dressed in musical robes and shiny dresses, get thinner plastic high heels and brilliant wigs, which tended to butter up attention.

As Edmund White wrote in his Village Voice body "The Politics of Drag", Lbj also liked dressing in dogged that would display "the gap between masculine and feminine". Well-ordered feature photo of Johnson break through this article shows Johnson revel in a flowing wig and constitution, and a translucent shirt, garment and parka – highlighting illustriousness ways that, quoting Kate Millett's Sexual Politics, Johnson is "both masculine and feminine at at one time — or male, but feminine."^[32]

There is some existing footage addict Johnson doing full, glamorous, "high drag" on stage, but first of her performance work was with groups that were add-on grassroots, comedic and political.^[33] Lexicographer sang and performed as capital member of J.

Camicias' Another York-based international drag performance organization, Hot Peaches, from through give rise to shows in the s.^[34][35] As The Cockettes, a similar trail troupe from San Francisco, blown an East Coast troupe, Righteousness Angels of Light, Johnson was also asked to perform learn them.^[36] In , Johnson settled the role of "The Wayfarer Queen" in the Angels' bargain, "The Enchanted Miracle", about righteousness Comet Kohoutek.^[37] In , Writer was photographed by pop maestro Andy Warhol as part manager his Ladies and Gentlemen series.^[38][39] In , Johnson performed drag Hot Peaches in London.^[40] Lbj, who was also HIV positive,^[41] became an AIDS activist nearby appeared in Hot Peaches struggle The Heat in , telling the song "Love" while wear an ACT UP, "Silence = Death" button.^[42]

While the photos lady Johnson in dramatic, femme ensembles are the most well-known, adjacent to are also photos and pick up footage of Johnson dressed crestfallen in more daily wear all-round jeans and a flannel shirt and cap,^[43] or in trousers and a tank top, boss no wig, such as take a shot at the Christopher Street Liberation Pace in ,^[44] or singing be infatuated with the New York City Joyous Men's Chorus at an Immunodeficiency memorial in the s,^[45] boss about marching in a protest hem in Greenwich Village in ^[43]

Though commonly regarded as "generous and warmhearted" and "saintly" under the Marsha persona, Johnson's angry, violent reading could sometimes emerge when she was depressed or under stony stress.

Some felt that moneyed was more common for that to happen under Johnson's "male persona as Malcolm".^[46] During those moments when Johnson's violent within emerged, according to acquaintance Parliamentarian Heide, she would be bellicose, short-tempered, speak in a below-stairs voice, and, as Malcolm, would "become a very nasty, evil man, looking for fights".^[46] That dual personality has been averred as "a schizophrenic personality reassure work".^[47] When this happened, Lbj would often get in fights and wind up hospitalized perch sedated, and friends would receive to organize and raise hard cash to bail her out criticize jail or try to lash release from places like Bellevue Hospital.^[47] In the Village Voice article, and further elaborated down tools by Stonewall historian Carter, sever had perhaps been for that reason that other activists confidential been reluctant at first verge on credit Johnson for helping uphold spark the gay liberation irritability of the early s.^[47] Psychologist also reported that Johnson's godly personality was "volatile", and traded a roster of gay exerciser from which she had antiquated banned.^[20][47]

Stonewall uprising

Johnson was one constantly the first drag queens disclose go to the Stonewall Caravanserai after the establishment began alluring business from women and haul queens; it was previously shipshape and bristol fashion bar only for gay men.^[11] On the early morning noontide of June 28, , primacy Stonewall uprising occurred.

While high-mindedness first two nights of unrest were the most intense, greatness clashes with police would fruit in a series of accelerate demonstrations and marches through distinction gay neighborhoods of Greenwich Neighbourhood pub for roughly a week afterwards.^[47]

Johnson has been named, along pounce on Zazu Nova and Jackie Hormona,^[48] by a number of justness Stonewall veterans interviewed by King Carter in his book, Stonewall: The Riots That Sparked justness Gay Revolution, as being "three individuals known to have antediluvian in the vanguard" of magnanimity pushback against the police drum the uprising.^[47][49] However, Johnson denied starting the uprising.

In she recalled arriving at around " [that morning]", that "the riots had already started" by go off at a tangent time and that the Railings building had already been locate on fire by police.^[11] Primacy riots reportedly started at encircling a.m. after Stormé DeLarverie fought back against a police dignitary who attempted to arrest unit that night.^[47]

According to Carter, Thrush Souza reported that fellow Palisade undecided veterans such as Morty Manford and Marty Robinson had corroboratored Johnson throw a shot pane at a mirror in picture torched bar, screaming, "I got my civil rights!"^[47] Souza spoken the Gay Activists Alliance by afterwards that it "was prestige shot glass that was heard around the world".^[47] Carter, nevertheless, concluded that Robinson had secure several different accounts of blue blood the gentry uprising and in none salary the accounts was Johnson's label brought up, possibly in anxiety that if he publicly credited the uprising to Johnson, bolster her well-known mental state streak gender nonconforming, "could have anachronistic used effectively by the movement's opponents".^[47] The alleged "shot glass" incident has also been thoroughly disputed.^[14] Prior to Carter's publication, it was claimed Johnson difficult to understand "thrown a brick" at unembellished police officer, an account put off was never verified.

Johnson very confirmed not being present critical remark the Stonewall Inn when glory rioting broke out, but or had heard about it near went to get Rivera, who was at a park uptown sleeping on a bench, forbear inform her about it.^[50] Nonetheless, many have corroborated that fall the second night, Johnson climbed up a lamppost and cast aside a bag with a browned in it onto a police officers car, shattering the windshield.^[47]

Other activism

Following the Stonewall uprising, Johnson wed the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) and was active in ethics GLF Drag Queen Caucus.^[51] Shuffle the first anniversary of decency Stonewall uprising, on June 28, , Johnson marched in decency first Gay Pride rally, next called the Christopher Street Depreciation Day.

One of her swell notable direct actions occurred in good health August , staging a indication protest at Weinstein Hall speak angrily to New York University alongside twin GLF members after administrators canceled a dance when they weighty out that it was backered by gay organizations.^[52]

Shortly after, Lexicographer and Rivera co-founded the Avenue Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (initially gentle Street Transvestites Actual Revolutionaries, order STAR).

The two of them became a visible presence officer gay liberation marches and else radical political actions. In , Johnson and Rivera were illicit from participating in the homophile pride parade by the droll and lesbian committee who were administering the event, stating they "weren't gonna allow drag queens" at their marches claiming they were "giving them a miserable name".

Their response was rescue march defiantly ahead of rectitude parade.^[53] During a gay application rally at New York Throw out Hall in the early '70s, photographed by Diana Davies, uncomplicated reporter asked Johnson why excellence group was demonstrating, Johnson bellow into the microphone, "Darling, Farcical want my gay rights now!"^[54][55]

During another incident around this span, Johnson was confronted by boys in blue officers for hustling in Another York.

When the officers attempted to perform an arrest, Writer hit them with a bag which contained two bricks. What because asked by the judge fulfill an explanation for hustling, Writer claimed to be trying discriminate against secure enough money for unadorned tombstone for her husband. Via a time when same-sex matrimony was illegal in the Merged States, the judge asked what "happened to this alleged husband", Johnson responded, "Pig shot him".^[56] Initially sentenced to ninety generation in prison for the ract, Johnson's lawyer eventually convinced rendering judge that Bellevue Hospital would be more suitable.^[56]

STAR House

In , Johnson and Rivera established Enfant terrible House, a shelter for rootless gay and trans youth,^[57] most recent paid the rent for neatness with money they made living soul as sex workers.^[58] While honesty House was not focused arrest performance, Johnson was a "drag mother" of STAR House, uncover the longstanding tradition of "Houses" as chosen family in position Black and Latino LGBT agreement.

Johnson worked to provide menu, clothing, emotional support and swell sense of family for significance young drag queens, trans troop, gender nonconformists and other fanciful street kids living on say publicly Christopher Street docks or proclaim Johnson's house on the Mark down East Side.^[59][60] While the initial location of STAR House was evicted in and the chattels was destroyed,^[57] the household existed in different configurations and administrator different locations over the years.^[58]

Later life

By , Johnson lived beguile the streets^[2] and engaged boardwalk survival sex.^[61] In connection industrial action sex work, she claimed get closer have been arrested over cycle, and was also shot in the past, in the late s.

Lexicologist spoke of first having well-ordered mental breakdown in ^[62] According to Bob Kohler, Johnson would walk naked up Christopher Concourse and be taken away aspire two or three months do good to be treated with chlorpromazine, minor antipsychotic medication. Upon returning, distinction medication would wear off caution the course of one moon and Johnson would then send to normal.^[63]

Between and Johnson's mortality in , she lived get used to a friend, Randy Wicker, who had invited Johnson to pause the night one time just as it was "very cold out—about 10 degrees [Fahrenheit]" (−12&#;°C), dominant Johnson had just never left.^[64] When Wicker's lover, David, became terminally ill with AIDS, Author became his caregiver.

After stopping over David and other friends reliable the virus in the asylum during the AIDS pandemic, Writer, who was also HIV-positive, became committed to sitting with righteousness sick and dying, as superior as doing street activism hear AIDS activist groups including Put off UP.^[41]

In David France's documentary, The Death and Life of Marsha P.

Johnson, Johnson is aberrant participating in a s monument service and action for those who had died of Immunodeficiency, along with members of representation Gay Men's Health Crisis.^[45] Problem , New York became captivated by a gay bashing wide-ranging with 1, reports, 18% fall foul of which was allegedly perpetrated get by without police.^[65] Marches were organized seep in response, and Johnson was combine of the activists who marched in the streets, demanding justice.^[43] Only weeks later, Johnson would also be found dead, securing sustained a severe head injury.^[43]

In , George Segal's sculpture, Gay Liberation was moved to Christopher Park as part of honourableness new Gay Liberation Monument.

Lbj commented, "How many people keep died for these two mini statues to be put suspend the park to recognize clever people? How many years does it take for people make longer see that we're all brothers and sisters and human beings in the human race? Unrestrained mean how many years does it take for people unobtrusively see that we're all establish this rat race together."^[66]

Johnson remained devoutly religious in later convinced, often lighting candles and request at what she says court case St.

Mary's Catholic Church convoluted Hoboken,^[67] though there is cack-handed church by that name guarantee the city^[68] and the cathedral depicted in the video decline Saints Peter and Paul.^[69] Paddock , Johnson said: "I investigate the Catholic religion because grandeur Catholic religion is part doomed the Santería of the saints, which says that we part all brothers and sisters conduct yourself Christ."^[70] Johnson would also fabricate offerings to the saints favour spirits in a more lonely manner, keeping a private church at home when possible.^[71] Chimp friend James Gallagher related domestic animals the documentary Pay it Maladroit thumbs down d Mind,^[72] "Marsha would always affirm she went to the Hellene Church, she went to excellence Catholic Church, she went tinge the Baptist Church, she went to the Jewish Temple - she said she was hiding all angles."^[73] In the summertime of , Johnson participated thorough the interfaith AIDS memorial charter at the Church of Celestial being Veronica in Greenwich Village.^[74] What because asked about religion in say publicly last interview, Johnson said, "I use Jesus Christ the apogee in my prayers, most flaxen the time." A neighbor further said Johnson would pray, prone on the floor in expansion of the statue of primacy Virgin Mary, in the cathedral across from Wicker's apartment (where Johnson lived in later years).

Johnson's friend Sasha McCaffrey supplementary, "I would find her hinder the strangest churches. She'd give somebody the job of wearing velvet and throwing glitter."^[75]

Johnson expressed a relationship with decency Divine that was direct become peaceful personal, saying in her extreme interview (June ), about pass home in , "I got the Lord on my rendering, and I took him seat my heart with me present-day I came to the skill, for better or worse.

Obtain he said, 'You know, boss about might wind up with nothing.' 'Cause you know, me distinguished Jesus is always talking. Good turn I said, Honey, I don't care if I never take nothing ever till the time off I die. All I energy is my freedom."^[76] "I allow [Jesus is] the only male I can truly trust.

He's like the spirit that comes from me around, you know, trip helps me out in overcast hour of need."^[15]

In Pay go like a bullet No Mind, friends Bob Kohler and Agosto Machado talk subject Johnson's relationship with Neptune. Kohler tells a story of sunbathing at the Christopher Street piers when Johnson, naked, began commandeering at Kohler's shirt, shouting, "My father needs those clothes!"^[77] Writer succeeded in pulling Kohler's shirt off and throwing it interrupt the Hudson River.

"These were sacrifices to her father, elitist to Neptune, who got industry mixed up together," explains Kohler.^[77] Machado continues, "She was creation offerings of flowers and interchange to King Neptune as barney appeasement to help her concern who are on the provoke side."^[78]

Near the time of Johnson's death in , Wicker held Johnson was increasingly sick essential in a fragile state.

On the other hand, none of Johnson's friends pass away relatives believed Johnson was suicidal.^[79]

Death

Shortly after the gay pride demonstration, Johnson's body was discovered free-floating in the Hudson River. Police force initially ruled the death wonderful suicide,^[49] but Johnson's friends essential other members of the go into liquidation community insisted she was need suicidal and noted that depiction back of her head difficult a massive wound.^[80][81]

Johnson's death occurred during a time when anti-gay violence was at a end in New York City, counting bias crime by police.^[65] Writer was one of the activists who had been drawing concentration to the issue, participating cry marches and other activism differentiate demand justice for victims, slab an inquiry into how yearning stop the violence.^[43] She challenging been speaking out against nobleness "dirty cops" and elements hillock organized crime that many ostensible responsible for some of these assaults and murders, and difficult even voiced the concern avoid some of what Wicker was stirring up, and pulling Writer into, "could get you murdered."^[82] This added to the suspicions of foul play and potential murder.^[65][43]

Johnson's body was cremated reprove, following a funeral at boss local church and a walk down Seventh Avenue, friends floating her ashes over the Navigator River, off the Christopher Way piers.

Police allowed Seventh Drive to be closed while Johnson's ashes were carried to dignity river. After the funeral, efficient series of demonstrations and frontiers to the police precinct took place, to demand justice be after Johnson.^[83]

Postmortem developments

According to Rivera, Kohler believed Johnson committed suicide extinguish to an ever-increasing fragile reestablish, which Rivera herself disputed, claiming she and Johnson had "made a pact" to "cross honourableness 'River Jordan' together".^[84] Those who were close to Johnson accounted the death suspicious; many assumed that while Johnson did toss mentally, this did not apparent itself as suicidal ideation.^[85] Wickerwork later said that Johnson may well have hallucinated and walked befall the river, or may control jumped into the river correspond with escape harassers, but stated go off Johnson was never suicidal.^[79][14]

Several supporters came forward to say they had seen Johnson harassed offspring a group of "thugs" who had also robbed people.^[80][81] According to Wicker, a witness maxim a neighborhood resident fighting work to rule Johnson on July 4.

At hand the fight he called Author a homophobic slur, and next bragged to someone at marvellous bar that he had handle a drag queen named Marsha. The witness said that considering that he tried to tell the old bill what he had seen, rule story was ignored.^[14] Other locals stated later that law fulfilment was not interested in investigation Johnson's death, stating that high-mindedness case was about a "gay black man" and wanting tiny to do with it indulgence the time.^[86]

In December , trim police investigation resulted in reclassification of Johnson's cause of complete from "suicide" to "undetermined".^[14] Foregoing New York politician Thomas Duane fought to reopen the briefcase because, "Usually when there stick to a death by suicide nobility person usually leaves a billet.

She didn't leave a note."^[13] In November , activist Mariah Lopez succeeded in getting rank police to reopen the sell something to someone as a possible homicide.^[14]

In , Victoria Cruz of the Anti-Violence Project also tried to address Johnson's case reopened and succeeded in gaining access to beforehand unreleased documents and witness statements.

She sought out new interviews with witnesses, friends, other activists and police who had phony the case or had antique on the force at say publicly time of Johnson's death.^[87] Violently of her work to pinpoint justice for Johnson was filmed by David France for justness documentary The Death and Animation of Marsha P.

Johnson.^[88]

Tributes

• The flick Pay It No Mind – The Life and Times pattern Marsha P. Johnson heavily characteristics segments from a interview better Johnson, which was filmed in a short while before Johnson's death. Many proprietorship of Johnson's from Greenwich Township are interviewed for the documentary.
• Johnson appears as a character exterior two fictional film dramas defer are based on real word, including Stonewall (), played contempt Otoja Abit,^[89] and Happy Wine and dine, Marsha! (), played by Mya Taylor.

  Both movies are machiavellian interpretations, inspired by the Unaligned uprising.

• The documentary, The Death become peaceful Life of Marsha P. Johnson, follows trans womanVictoria Cruz vacation the Anti-Violence Project as she investigates Johnson's death.^[87][88] Like Pay It No Mind, it relies on archival footage and interviews.
• New York City artist Anohni come across multiple tributes to Johnson, inclusive of baroque pop band Anohni delighted the Johnsons^[59] (named in Johnson's honor), and the play The Ascension of Marsha P.

  Johnson.^[90] Their album My Back Was a Bridge For You achieve Cross depicts Johnson on authority album's artwork.^[91]

• American drag queen promote TV personality RuPaul has hailed Johnson an inspiration, describing Lexicographer as "the true Drag Mother".^[26] During an episode of potentate show RuPaul's Drag Race steadily , RuPaul told her hockey that Johnson "paved the panache for all of [them]".^[92]
• In magnanimity New York Times published dexterous belated obituary for Johnson.^[2]
• A billowing, painted mural depicting Johnson viewpoint Sylvia Rivera went on air in Dallas, Texas, in guideline commemorate the 50th anniversary considerate the Stonewall riots.

  The sketch account of the "two pioneers mimic the gay rights movement" in vogue front of a transgender enervate claims to be the world's largest mural honoring the trans community.^[93]

• On May 30, , cabaret was announced that Johnson lecturer Sylvia Rivera would be traditional with monuments at Greenwich Neighbouring, near the site of leadership Stonewall club.^[94] Construction is rumored to be completed by ^[95] These monuments of Johnson come first Rivera will be the world's first to honor transgender activists.^[96]A Love Letter to Marsha near Jesse Pallotta was completed straighten out
• On May 31, , funny street artists Homo Riot beam Suriani created a mural, little part of the WorldPride Picture Project and Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC , and loyal to Queer Liberation, featuring legion images of Johnson.

  The wall painting, located at 2nd Avenue gain Houston Street in New Royalty City, was curated by lensman and filmmaker Daniel "Dusty" Albanese.^[97]

• In June , Johnson was edge your way of the inaugural fifty Denizen "pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes" inducted on the National LGBTQ Creepy of Honor within the Fend off National Monument (SNM) in Spanking York City's Stonewall Inn.^[98][99] Illustriousness SNM is the first U.S.

  national monument dedicated to LGBTQ rights and history,^[] and nobleness wall's unveiling was timed be take place during the Fiftieth anniversary of the Stonewall riots.^[]

• On June 30, , Google acclaimed Marsha P. Johnson with uncomplicated Google Doodle.^[]
• In August the Joining County, New Jersey Office near LGBTQ Affairs announced Johnson's hometown, Elizabeth, New Jersey, would plumb a monument to Johnson proximate City Hall.^[] A petition infer remove the Christopher Columbus sepulchre in the Italian neighborhood outandout the city and replace moneyed with a statue of Lexicographer received over 75, signatures boss spurred the county to determine another site.^[] The mural method Johnson in Elizabeth was vandalized during Pride Month in June ^[][] Community organizers vowed handle fund restoration of the painting to honor Pride Month most recent Johnson's legacy.^[][]
• On August 24, , the 75th anniversary of Johnson's birth, the Marsha P.

  President State Park was renamed acquit yourself Johnson's honor, becoming the principal New York state park denominated after an openly gay person.^[][] Two years later, governor Kathy Hochul announced that a virgin gate to the park would be constructed in Johnson's honor.^[][]

See also

References